HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 211 



3. SAMBUCUS, ELDER. (From Greek name of an ancient musical 

 insinuiiciit, supposed to have been made of Elder stalks.) 



* Flnwe7's in a fiattish cyme. 



S. Canadensis, Linn. Common Elder. Stems woody only towards 

 the base, 5'^-G'-" high, with white pith ; 7-11 oblong smooth or smoothish 

 leaflets, the lowermost often 3-parted ; flowers scentless, in early summer ; 

 fruit small, black-purple. Rich soils. 



S. nigra, Linn. Eukopean E. Taller and more woody (where hardy), 

 tlie leaflets usually 5, oblong-oval or ovate-lanceolate ; flowers larger, 

 faintly sweet scented ; fruit black. Cult, from Eu., chiefly in the form of 

 golden-leaved, variegated, and cut-leaved varieties. 



* * Flowers in a pyramidal panicle or thyrse. 

 S. racemdsa, Linn. Red E. Rocky woods chiefly N., with woody 

 stems anil warty bark ; yellow-brown pith ; few lanceolate leaflets downy 

 underneath ; lierries bright red. Blooms in early spring. 



4. LINNiEJA, T\YIN rL()\VER. (Linnmis.) 2/ 



L. borealis, (ironov. t>tems creeping, bearing round-oval and sparingly 

 crenate, somewhat hairy, small leaves, and in early summer the sweet- 

 scented pretty flowers; corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. Mossy 

 woods and cold bogs N. 



5. TRIOSTEUM, FEVER WORT, HORSE GENTIAN. (Greek for 

 three bones, from the 3 bony seeds or stones.) The root has been used in 

 medicine, and the seeds for coffee. In rich soil ; flowering early summer. 

 T. perfoliitum, Linn. Softly hairy, 2°-4:° high, with oval leaves 



abruptly narrowed at base, and brownish purple flowers in clusters ; the 

 common species. 



T. angustif61ium, Linn. Smaller and bristly-hairy, with narrower 

 lanceolate leaves more tapering at base, and greenish or cream-colored 

 flowers, mostly solitary. Va. to 111., S. and W. 



6. SYMPHORICARPOS. (Greek : croivded fruits.) Wild on rocky 

 banks, and cult, for the ornamental, insipid berries. Flowers white or 

 slightly rose-color, produced all summer. 



S. racemdsus, Michx. SxownEuitv. Clusters of flowers in inter- 

 rupted leafy spikes (rather than racemes) terminating the branches ; 

 corolla bearded within ; style (as in the next) glabrous ; berries snow- 

 white in autumn. N. Eng., S. and W. Common in gardens. 



S. occidentalis, Hook. Wolfberry. Flowers in dense terminal 

 and axillary spikes ; ciu-olla larger than in the last, much bearded within ; 

 berries white. Mich., W. 



S. vulgaris, Michx. Cor.\l Berry, Indiax Ci;ura\t. Short clus- 

 ters of flowers in the axils of mo.st of the leaves ; corolla slightly bearded, 

 but style prominently so; berries small, dark-red. N. Y., W. and S. 



7. LONICERA, HONEYSUCKLE, WOODBINE. (Named for an old 

 German herbalist, Lonitzer, latinized Lonicerus.) 



§ 1. Fly HoNEYsrcKLEs. uprif/ht or strafj'iling hnslips, never twining, 

 with leave.'i all distinct to the base, and a pair of flmcers on the summit 

 of an axillary peduncle, the 2 berries sometimes united into I. 

 * Four large leafy bracts surrounding 2 cylindrical (J' long) yellotcish 

 flowers. 

 L. involucrata, Banks. Wild from Lake Superior to Cal., and spar- 

 ingly planted ; shrub 2^'-5'- high, downy when young, with ovate or 



