GRASS FAMILY. 475 



alternate and slieathing- on the Maize-like «U-ni ; spikelets 3-4-flowered, 

 all perfect ; glume bitid ; axes of the spikelets naked, but the flowers 

 furnished with long hairs. 8. Eu. Seldom flowers in N. States. 



•<- -i- Lniiii plumose awns from the empty glumes; sjiikelets l-fluwered. 



Stlpa penna'a, Linn. Feathkr Guass. Plant 2'^-3'^ high, bearing long, 

 slender, often drooping, feather-like panicles ; awns twisted, 8-10 times 

 longer than the glumes. Eu. Someliuies used for bouquets. 



1- -1- -t- Spikes not silkij-lMirij nor plumose. 



Pbalaris arundinacea, Liini. Heed Canary Grass (the striped 

 variety is the familiar Uiuhon Grass of country gardens). Bogs and low 

 grounds ; 'I'^-i^ high, with flat leaves nearly ^' wide, flowering in early 

 summer, in a pretty, dense, contracted panicle, but open when the blos- 

 soms expand ; the ovate outer whitish glumes longer and much thinner 

 than the blunt coriaceous flowering glumes ; a hairy rudiment or append- 

 age at the base of each of the latter. 



Vn. WiLi> Grasses, which are distinguished for tall reed-like growth. 



* Stems pithy, not hotlow. 



Tiipsacum dactyloides, Linn. Gama Grass, Sesame Grass. Moist 

 soil, Conn., S.; nutritions, but coarse ; leaves almo.st as large as those of 

 Indian corn ; spike (the upper part staminate, the lower pistillate) nar- 

 row, composed of a row of joints which break apart at maturity ; the fer- 

 tile cylindrical, the externally cartilaginous spikelets immersed in the 

 rhachis, the sterile part thinner and flat. Sometimes used for fodder S. 



* * Stems hollow at maturity. 

 H- Floioers monopcions, staminate and pistillate separate in the panicle. 



Zizinia aquatica. Linn. Indian Rice or Water Oats. In water, 

 commonest N. W. ; with leaves almost as long as those of Indian Corn, the 

 upper part of the ample panicle bearing pistillate flowers on erect, club- 

 shaped pedicels, the lower bearing staminate flowers on spreading 

 branches ; each flower or spikelet with only one pair of glumes, the outer 

 one long-awned ; grain slender, V long, used for food by N. W. Indians. ® 



*- -I- Flower one and perfect in each spikelet, htit sometimes u^ith rudi- 

 ments of others. 



Ammdphila arundinacea. Host. Sea-sand Reed. Beaches, Me., S., 

 and on the (ireat Lakes, where it serves a useful purpose in binding the 

 sand by its rootstocks ; has the panicle contracted into a long spike-like 

 inflorescence ; leaves long and .strong ; spikelets pale, rather rigid, the hairs 

 at the l)ase of the flowers, two thirds shorter than they. 2i 



Phalaris arundinacea. Linn. The wild form may be sought here (see 

 VI.). 



-1- ■*- -i- Flmrcr.'i st'i-rral in each spikelet, all or nearly all perfect. 



Phragmites commiliiis, Trin. Common Reed. Noble grass, in 

 marshes; 5^-12° high, with leaves l'-2' wide, the stems dying down to 

 the base ; panicle in late summer i>r autumn, loose ; spikelets 8-7-flow- 

 ered, be.set with white, silky, hmg hairs. 21 



Arundin^ria macrosp^rma, Miclix. Lar<;e Cane. Forming the 

 cane brakes, Ky., S. ; with woody stems 10°-20° high and leaves l'-2' 

 wide, branching the second year, at length flowering from the branches, 

 in February or March ; the panicle of a few small racemes of large many- 

 flowered naked spikelets. the flowering glume usually downy. 2/ 



Var. Buffruticdsa, Mmiro. Smaller Reed, Switch Cane. Only 

 4"-10^ high, and more branching; leaves narrower. Md., W . and S. 



