55 



Picea enqelmanni i Parry ex Engelm. 



Popu lus tremulo ides Michx. 



Festuca scabrel la Torrey ex Hook. 



St ipa r ichardsoni i Link 



Balsamorhi za sag i ttata (Pursh) Nutt. 



Aster spp . 



Potent ilia qrac i 1 is Dougl. ex Hook. 



Geranium viscosissimum 



Fisch. &. Meyer ex Meyer 

 So 1 idaqo missour iensis Nutt. 

 Achi 1 lea mi 1 lef o 1 ium L . 

 Gr indel la squarrosa (Pursh) Duna 1 

 Chr vsops l s v i 1 losa Pursh 

 L i thospermum ruder ale Dougl. ex Lehm. 

 Mad i a q lomer a ta Hook. 



Introduced : 



Centaurea macu 1 osa Lam. 



Ph 1 eum pra tense L . 



Verbascum thapsus L . 



Mel i lotus of f ic i na 1 is (L.) Pallas 



Poa pra tens i s L . 



Cirsi um ar vense (L.) Scop. 



C. vulqare (Savi) Tenore 



Car duus nutans L . 



L i nar i a vulgar is Miller 



*♦. Dominance and frequency of the taxon: 



Gr i ndel ia howel 1 i i occurs most often in 

 clusters of 10-300 plants along disturbed 

 road margins, where its cover varies from 

 approximately 5-SO'/. . In natural and 

 semi-natural habitats, the sites are less 

 dense, with cover varying between 1-10'/.. An 

 exception to the latter is the Cozy Corners 

 site (0^7), where ca. 3000 plants are found 

 in a small, fenced, grazed pasture; the 

 average cover here is approximately 30-^+0'/., 

 and G. howel 1 i i is the dominant f orb . 



5. Successional phenomena: Gr i ndel ia howe 1 1 i i 

 occurs almost exclusively in open areas, 

 either in native grasslands, or along 

 logging roads or trails in forest openings. 

 The species does not tolerate canopy closure 

 or shade . 



The results of these surveys indicate that G. 

 howel 1 i i tolerates disturbance very well, and 

 in fact appears to be a species which readily 

 flourishes in early successional areas. 

 Habitat disturbance has led to an increase in 

 the species' abundance in certain locations. 



