Handbook ok Tk'kks ok tiik Xoktiikkx Staths axd (/axada. 419 



d Ohlonj;;; scales S-lL*. ohloiij;. ciicli bearing 2 (■(luall.v li-wiiiKcd sinds. 



Thuya, 

 d- Sul)j;lul)(iM>, Willi [n'ltatc scales each bearing- '2 seeds and inaturiui; in diic season. 



Cliaiusecyparis. 

 c- Berry, fuinicd by the coalescence of the Hesliy scales of the Hower. . Juniperus. 



THE PINES. (Jknus PIN US L. 



The Pines are trees and a few shrubs of the northern hemisphere and chiefly of temperate 

 regions. INIany of its represenlativ(>s are of grealesl economic value. About eighty species 

 are recognized of which Ihii'ty-four are natives of the I'liiled States, ten being represented 

 in the northeastern states. 



Lcarcs evergreen, needle-shaped, from slender buds, in flusters of 2-~) together (solitary 

 in one species), from the axils of scale-like primary leaves each cluster invested at its base 

 with a sheath of thin, membranous scales. FloicerH appearing in spring, moncp<'ious. Sterile 

 fiuwcr.s in catkins, clustered at the base of the shoots of the season: stamens numerous with 

 very short filaments and a scale-like connective; anther-cells, 2. opening lengthwise: pollen 

 grains triple. Fcrlilc fioircrs in conical or cylindrical spikes — cones — consisting of 

 imbricated, carpellary scales, each in the axil of a persistent bract and bearing at its base 

 within a pair of inverted ovules. Fruit maturing in the autumn of the second year, a cone 

 formed of the imbricated carpellary scales, which are woody, often thickened or awned at tlie 

 apex, persistent, when ripe dry and spreading to liberate the two nut-like and usually winged 

 seeds ; cotyledons 3-12 linear. 



The name is a Latin word from Celtic i)iii or pcit. a crag. 



KEY TO THIO GENERA. 



Leaves in clusters of 



a Five : cones with thin unarmed scales P. Strobus. 



a- Three; cones with scales tiiickened at apex and armed witli a prickle; cones 

 b Subterminal and deciduous above the basal scales 



c Four to six inches long, heavy; buds brow^i P. ponderosa scopulorum. 



c- Six to ten inches long, not heavy; buds white P. palustris. 



b^ Lateral and symmetrical ; cones 



c Long-ovoid with stout prickles: leaves G-9 in. long.. P. Taeda. 

 C" Ovoid with slender prickles ; leaves 



Three to five inches long P. rigida. 



Six to eight inches long P. serotina. 



a' Two : cones 



b Subterminal ; scales thickened and unarmed P. resinosa. 



b- Lateral ; scales 



c I'narmed, or with very weak or deciduous prickles; cones small, incuived. 



P. divaricata. 

 c- Armed with 



d Slender prickles ; leaves 



e Three to four in. long P. ecliinata. 



«?- One to two in. long P. Virginiana. 



d- Very thick stout spines P. pungens. 



For .v/K'C(c.s' sec pp. 2-19 and the foUoiriiif/ : 



Long-leaf Pine, /'. />f/?».s7/(.s Mill. An important timber tree of the southern states and 

 has been reported as occurring very sparingly as far north as .southeastern Virginia. Leavc.t 

 8-18 in. long, dark green, densely tufted at the ends of the branchlets, arranged in o s. with 

 persistent sheaths. Floirers: staminate rose-purple; pistillate close to the apex of the shoot. 

 Fruit: cones cylindric-ovoid, (J-10 in. long, somewhat curved, subsessile, with scales thickened' 

 near apex by a transverse ridge and bearing a short recurved prickle : cones deciduous within 

 the base, a few basal scales being left attached to the stem ; seeds about y.j in. long with long 

 wing very oblique at apex. 



Pond Pine. /*. serotina Michx. A tree of the southern states requii'ed to be mentioned 

 here only fiom the fact that its northerinnost representatives are said to have been found im 

 southeastern Virginia, where, however, it is very scarce. Leares in 3 s. 0-8 in. long, rather 

 slender, glaui-ous. stomatose all sides. Fruit: cones latei'al. subglobose to ovoid. 2-2Vo in. long, 

 subsessile. scales thickened at apex and bearing a miiuite prickle: seeds about ^s in. long, 

 including witig -'i in. long. 



THE LARCHES OR TAMARACKS. Ckms LARIX. Adansox. 



A genus of nine species of trees of northern and mountainous regions of the northern 



iiemisphere prodticin;; duralih' and valuable lumber and other products. Three representatives 



are North .\ i-ican. two inhabiting tlie western side of the continent and one the eastern. 



L<ar(s awl-sha]ied. tlii-ee-angled (or four-angled in /,(//■/./• Ltialii). soft, deciduous, in 

 clusters of many each from lateral scaly simrs. excepting on the shoots of the season where they 



