TIaxdhook of Treks of the Xoktiiern States axd Caxada. 4l^1 



L((irrs sessile, those of young trees and sterile branches usually tiat (four-sided in Abiefi 

 iii(if/iii/ic(i ) founded or emarffinate at apex, centrally grooved above, spirally arranged, but 

 scuerally appearing li-ranked by a twist in their bases and stomatiforous only below: leaves 

 of leading shoots and fertile branches crowded, incurved and more or less quadrangular, obtuse 

 or acute at aix'X. and sometimes stomatiferous above, persistent for eight or ten years and 

 when falling away leaving a circular flat scar; resin-ducts 2; branch-buds usually resin 

 coated. Jloirvrs from the axils of the leaves of the previous year and confined to the upper 

 branches : the staminate in abundance on the lower side of branchlets. oblong with stipe, 

 surrounded at base with bud scales: anther-cells 2. extrorse, opening transversely and con- 

 uectivi' terminating in a knob : pistillate flowers erect on upper side of branchlet and usually 

 only those of the topmost branches, globose or cylindrical-oblong: scales numerous, imbricated 

 and shortei' than their mucronate bracts. Cones erect, ovoid to cylindrical-oblong, maturing 

 the first year, with numerous broad thin imbricated scales, each bearing 2 seeds and springing 

 from the axil of a thin membranous bract which with the scale and seeds falls awa.v at 

 maturity from the straight persistent axis: seed furnished with resin vesicles and a large 

 membranous oblicpie wing at apex: cotyledons 4-10, shorter than radicle. 



Ahic.s is the ancient Latin name of the Fir-trcc. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Bracts of cones shorter than tlieir scales and inclosed A. 'balsamea. 



Bracts of cones nuich longer than their scales and reflexed A. Fraseri. 



For upccies sec pp. 3.'f-37. 



THE BALD CYPRESS. Genus TAXODIU^I Rich. 



The genus Tuxodiinn consists of two or three species of resinous trees of great economic 

 value and polymorfic habits of growth. One is found on the table-lands of Mexico and indi- 

 viduals of this species are remarkable for their enormous size and age. 



Leaves deciduous in our species, spirally arranged and of two .sorts, viz.. flat linear- 

 lanceolate and spreading so as to appear 2-ranked, smooth, pale, and with obscure midrib and 

 stomatose beneath : and scale-like and appressed. Flowers appearing in early spring before 

 the leaxcs. unisexual from buds formed the previous year: the staminate numerous in long 

 terminal ilrii()i)ing panicled spikes with 0-8 stamens having broad yellow peltate connectives and 

 2-valve(l anthers: pistillate aments ovoid and appearing singly or few together near the ends of 

 branchlets of the previous year and consisting of a few bractless scales each with a pair of 

 ovules at its base. Cones globose or nearly so, short-stalked, maturing the first year: scales 

 thick woody, rhomboidal, valvate, and bearing each two seeds and large glands filled with liquid 

 resin : seeds irregularly triangular-pyramidal, with coriaceous or woody coat : cotyledons 4-1). 



The name Taxodium is from Greek words indicating the resemblance of the leaves to those 

 of the Yew-tree. 



For species see pp. 3S-.39. 



THE ARBOR-VIT^S. Genus THUYA L. 



Important evergicen trees of few species with very durable wood, pyramidal head, resinous 

 juice and handsome frond-like flat 2-ranked sprays of foliage. They are confined to the 

 nortliern regions of North America. .Tapan and eastern Asia. Two are North American, one 

 a valualile timber-tree of the Pacific slope and the other widely distributed in the Atlantic 

 states and Canada. 



Lcdres small, decussate, closely imbricated in 4 ranks, scale-like, stomatiferous and 

 rounded or slightly keeled on the back, those on ultimate shoots obtuse and compressed forming 

 a flat si)ray and those on larger twigs more spreading and acute or subulate on seedlings. 

 I'i'xrcrs very small, moncecious. terminal, the two sexes usually on different branclilets . stami- 

 nate subglobose with 4-(5 opposite filaments having peltate connectives bearing each 4-<> anther- 

 cells : pistillate with S-12 opposite scales each with 2 erect ovules. Cones small, ovoid-oblong, 

 maturing the first season, with few thin oblong leathery scales thickened at apex and only 

 the 2 or :'> middle pairs fertile: seeds usually 2 at the base of each scale, oblong, compressed 

 and usually with lateral wings not united at apex: cotyledons 2. 



'J'liui/d is the ancient Greek name of some coniferous tree and applied by Linnaeus to 

 this genus. 



For species sec pp. 'I'l-.'il. 



THE COAST CEDARS. Genus CMAM.T:CYPARTS Spach. 



inous juice, fragi'ant 



)ranclilcts deciduous. 



(1 Formosa, with man; 



x'cies two are confined to the Pacific and oi 



