Handbook of Tkkes of tiii-> Xokiiikrx Statks axd Caxada. 42o 

 WALNUT FAMILY. JUGLANDACE^. 



A family of six genera and aixmt tliirty-live species of important trees with aromatic 



l)nii< and watery jnice. nuistly of tiie wanner pai'ts of tiie north temperate zone. Two genera 



are represented in the I'nited States. 



Lcurcs alternate, dociduons. odd-pinnate, with long grooved i)etioles exstipulate, the 

 leaflets sessile or nearly so excepting the terminal one which is usually long-stalked. Iloirrrs 

 inoncpcious. opening after the unfolding of the leaves ; the starainate in long drooping lateral 

 aments on the growth of the previous season : calyx ',i to (i-lobed, each in the axil of and 

 adnate to a bract ; stamens several with short distinct filaments and longitudinally dehiscent 

 ^uithers ; pistillate in spikes or solitary terminating the new growth, bracteate and usually 

 two-hiacteolate : calyx o-r>-lobed ; ovary inferior and 1-celled or incompletely .'i-4-celled and 

 containing a solitary erect orthotropous ovule: style short with 2 plumose stigmas. Fruit 

 a i)ony incompletely 'J-4-ceIled nut inclosed in an indehiscent or 4-valved exocarp ; seed without 

 aUiunien. large, solitary. "J-lohed. fleshy and very oily ; cotyledons 2-lobed, corrugated or 

 .sinuose : radicle minute, superior, at apex of nut. 



KEY TO TUK (iENEHA. 



Husk of fruit indehiscent: nut mostly sculptured: staminate aments simple: pith segmented. 



Juglans. 

 Husk 4-valved: nut not sculptured: staminate aments branched: pith not segmented. 



Hicoria. 



THE WALNUTS AND BUTTERNUTS. Genus Jl'GLAXS L. 



Trees with dark colored durable lieait-wood. furrowed bark, stout branchlets. laminated 

 ]iifh and edible nuts. Ten species are known, four of wliich are natives of the I'liited States, 

 two of the northern Atlantic states, one of the southwestern states and one of the Pacific 

 •coast region. 



Lvaveft with stout pubescent petioles and 11-17 subsessile. oblong-lanceolate leaflets which 

 are mostly from 2 to 4 inches long, rounded and unequal at base, finely serrate except at base, 

 acute or acuminate and clammy pubescent at least when young, rugose above : leaf-buds 

 superposed. Flan-cm staminate in thick drooping cylindrical aments 3-5 in. long or more ; 

 calyx usually (i-lobed. light yellowish green, puberulous outside: stamens 8-40 with nearly 

 se.ssile dark brown anthers : pistillate flowers in few-flowered spikes at the ends of the 

 shoots of the season with villous laciniated involucre : calyx 4-lobed ; petals 4. alternate 

 with the sepals and adnate to the ovary: pistil with very short stylo: two plumose stigmas 

 and usually 2-celled ovary. Fruit globose or ovoid with fibrous somewhat fleshy indehiscent 

 exocai'p and an ovoid or flattened globose hard thick-walled rugose or sculptured indehiscent 

 endocarp (nut) which is 2-4-celled at base: seed deeply .lobed. 



The name is of Latin derivation meaning nut of Jove. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Fruit subglobose, papillose (not viscid) : leaflets 1.1-23 J. nigra. 



Fruit pointed-ovoid, viscid-pubescent: leaflets 11-17, viscid-pubescent J. cinerea. 



For species sec pp. .'/S-Sl. 



THE HICKORIES. Genus HICORIA Raf. 



The Hickories are cDufined to tiie temperate regions of eastern North America ranging 



from tlie valley of the St. I.awreiK c Uiver to the liighlaiids of Mexi.-o. There are about 



a dozen six'cies. all iieiiig found within the T'liited States excepting one. Their wood is very 



strong. tl(>xiiile and more valuable than any other woods for certain uses. They have smooth 



gray bark wlieii young, but with age become fissured into hard i)lates and scales. Tlie branches 



are tough and (lexibl(> and the pith solid. 



Ijcans with thick and firm ovate to oliovate leaflets, increasing in size from lielow up- 

 wards, often glandular-dotted, usually unecnial at base, and acuminate at apex, .serrate, veins 

 commonly forking near the margins. Ffoirers: staminate aments slender, droojiing and 

 usually in threes with common peduncle from the axils of leaf-scars at the base of the shoots 

 of the season or in clusters from buds in the axils of leaf-scars near the summit of the 

 growth of the iirevious sea.son, the lateral branches from the axils of iiersisteiit bracts; 

 talyx 2-31obed. adnate to the bracts; stamens ."MO with ovate-obhmg hairv anthers; pistillate 

 flowers sessile, in mostly 2-lf>-flowered terminal spikes : calyx unetiually 4-lobed : stigmas 

 short-papillose. Fruit subglobose. oblong, ovoid or pyriform. with husk (epicarpt woody at 

 maturity and separating more or less completely into 4 valves, the sutures alternate with 



