ITaxdhook of Trees of the Xortiiekx States and Caxada. 445 

 THE SMOKE-TREES. Genus C(3T1XI"S Adans. 



Small trees of two species with aromatic milky juice, one a native of Eiiroix' and Asia 

 and the other of soutlieasteru United States. 



Lcttrcn deciduous, simple, mostly petiolate. thinnish, obovate, oblonj; oi' oval, entire. };lal)- 

 rous oi- nearly so. Flou-cri^ small, greenish-yellow, diu'cious or polygamous, in larjie loose 

 terminal panicles with slender accrescent pedicels many of which are abortive and become 

 villous : calyx lobes persistent ; petals twice as long as the sepals : stamens T), shorter than 

 the petals: ovary obovoid. compressed; styles 3, lateral, .spreading. Fruit 1-seeded dry 

 (.ibli(|uely oblong compressed glabrous drupelets, conspicuously reticulated and bearing the rem- 

 nants of the styles on one side; stone bony. The drupelets occur in ample loose thyrsoM 

 panicles with many plume-like abortive pedicels. 



The name is the ancient Greek name of the Wild Olirc. transferred to this tree. 

 F(>r .s/)cc/c.s- ficc jjp. -lO '/-.io.'). 



THE SUMACHS. Genus RHl'S L. 



Trees, shrubs and climbing xini's of about one hundred twenty s])ecies. nativ<>s mainly 

 (if the warmer parts of the north and south temperate regions. Som(> am of great economic 

 value, as those producing the lacquer and vegetable wax of Japan, tannin, etc.. and several 

 possess poisonous properties. Sixteen or seventeen species are natives of the United States 

 of which about a half dozen .may be considered as trees. 



Leaves lostly unequally pinnate and deciduous, a few simple and persistent, alternate. 

 Floircrs mostly dioecious in compound axillary or terminal panicles; calyx mostly .~)-cleft or 

 parted and persistent ; petals spreading and longer than the cal.vx-lobes ; stamens ."J. alternate 

 \\ith the petals and inserted with tliem under the margin of the annular disk ; pistil solitary. 

 sessile, with three terminal styles. Fruit a subglobose drupelet mostly in th.vrses with thin 

 <lry hairy or glabrous outer coat and a single bony or crustaceous stone'; cotyledons foliaceous. 



Jx'ltux is the classical Green name of the European l^umach. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



a Uruit pubescent, red, with smooth stone, in terminal thyrses 



Kachis of the leaf not winged villose R. hirta. 



Hachis winged between the leaflets R. copallina. 



a,- Fruit glabrous, white, with striated stone in axillary panicles R. vernix. 



For species see pp. 306-311. 



HOLLY FAMILY. ILICACE.^ Lowe. (AOUIFOLIACE.^ DC.) 



Trees and shrubs with watery sap and terete brauchlets of five genera and about one 



hundred seventy species. They are widely distributed in both temperate and tropical regions 



of both the Old World and the New. Only one genus contains arborescent representatives in 



the United States. 



Leaves alternate, persistent or deciduous, petiolate. entire, crenate or toothed and with 

 minute stipules. Flowers small, regular, axillary, white .or greenish, dioecious or pol.vgamous ; 

 calyx with 4-6 lobes imbricated in the bud. generally persistent, hypogenous ; petals 4-(!, imbri- 

 cated, deciduous, separate or united at base ; disk none ; stamens as many as the lobes of the 

 corolla, alternate with them and inserted on the corolla; anthers oblong; pistil solitary, 

 superior, compound with 4-8-celled ovary, short style or none and capitate stigmas of the same 

 number as the cells of the ovary; ovules usually 1 in each cell, suspended, anatropous. Fruit 

 a drupe with thin flesh and as many horny or crustaceous nutlets as carpels ; seeds pendulous 

 with minute straight embryo and fleshy albumen. 



THE HOLLIES. Genus ILEX L. 



Trees rind shrubs of about one hundu'd sixty species of which thirteen inhabit eastern 



North AniiTJca I none llu- western side of the cont iii.Mit ) and live of thesi> are trees. 



The characters are those given of the family. 



The name is the anei.Mit (ireek name of the lIoUii ()(ik of southern Europe. 



KEY TO THE SrECTES. 



a Leaves evergreen, tliii-k : nutlets ribbed; leaves. 



Spiny-toothed I- opaca. 



Entire or remotely serrate I- Cassine. 



Coarsely crenate !• vomitoria. 



