456 Kubiace.t;. 



TRUMPET-CREEPER FAMILY. BIGXOXIACE.^ Pers. 



Trees, shrubs, flimbing vines and a few exotic herbs mostly with large showy flowers and 



widely distributed in tropics with a few representatives in temperate regions. About ~)()0 



species are known grouped in nearly 100 genera. Of the five genera represented in the United 



States 3 are arborescent, one of the southwestern states, another of Florida and the third of 



the Atlantic states. 



Leaves simple in the arborescent representatives in the United States mostly opposite and 

 without stipules. Flowers perfect, large, showy and_ more or less irregular ; calyx hypogenous, 

 bilabiate: corolla hypogenous. somewhat bilaliiate, ."i-luhiMl. imbricated in the bud: stamens 2 

 or 4 inserted on the' base of the corolla with iutnusi' Ll-ccllcd anthers longitudinally dehiscent; 

 stamiuodia 1 or 3 : ovary 1 or 2-celled. with simiilc slender li-lubed style, stigmatic at the 

 apex: ovules numerous, anatropous and horizontal. Fruit a pod-like 2-valved capsule or berry 

 and seeds without albumen. 



THE CATAIPAS. Genus CALTAPA Scop. 



Trees of tonic and diuretic properties with stout terete branchlets large pith and soft 

 durable wood. Seven species are known of which two are natives of eastern United States 

 and the others of eastern China and the West Indies. 



Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, long-petiolate. involute in the bud, entire or spar- 

 ingly lobed. deciduous. Flowers in showy terminal compound panicles or corymbs : calyx 

 splitting irregularly into two lobes in opening: corolla thin and membranaceous, oblique with 

 broad campanulate tube and 2-lipped ij-lobed limb, the lobes spreading and with crisi^ed mar- 

 gins : stamens 2, ascending under the anterior lip of the corolla, with glabrous divergent anther- 

 cells and flattened arcuate filaments, staminodia 3, rudimentary, filiform : ovary, 2-celled, with 

 long filiform style. 2-lobed stigma and ovules inserted in several rows on the central placenta. 

 Fruit an elongated nearly terete pod-like capsule loculicidally dehiscent, persisting during the 

 winter : seeds numerous.' flat, oblong, with broad lateral fimbriated wings ending in white 

 hairs : cotyledons broader than long. 



The name is the Cherokee Indian name of one of the American species. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Flowers about IVj in. wide, in many-flowered panicles; lower lobe entire.... C. Catalpa. 

 Flowers about 2i/i> in. wide, in few-flowered panicles; lower lobe emarginate.. C. speciosa. 



For species see pp. JfO-'t-IfOl. 

 MADDER FAMILY. RUBIACE.E B. Juss. 



Trees, shrubs and a few herbs of about •j.^'iO species grouped in some 3.10 genera. They 

 are chiefly natives of tropical regions and comprise several species which yield products of 

 great economic importance, such as coffee, quinine, ipecac, madder, etc. 



Lea vex simple, opposite or verticillate. entire, mostly with stivnile> and turnMis black in 

 drying. Flowers regular, perfect: calyx 4-."i-roothed or lobed and with tube adnate to the 

 ovary: corolla 4-.~)-lobed. stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them and 

 inserted on the tube with filaments free or united at base and introrse 2-celled anthers opening 

 longitudinally : disk epigynous : ovary 1-10-celled with slender style and ovules 1 to many in 

 each cell. Fruit a capsule, drupe or achene : seeds with membranaceous coat and without 

 albumen. 



THE BUTTON-BUSH. Genus CEPHALAXTHUS L. 



Shrubs and small trees of about a half dozen species of North and South America and 

 Asia, one only inhabiting the United States. 



Leaves both opposite and verticillate. netiolate. deciduous. Flowers veHow or whUe, 

 sessile in the axils of glandular bracts in dense ^lobular pedunculate nanicled heads: calyx 

 tube obpyramidal its limb with four or five short lobes : corolla tubular funnel-form with four 

 short lobes : stamens 4, inserted on the throat of the corolla with very short filaments and 

 oblong-sagitate anthers : ovary 2-celled with a solitary pendulous ovule in each cell and a long 

 filiform exserted style bearing a capitate stigma. Fruit dry, obpyramidal. 1-2-seeded ; seeds 

 oblong with a white aril at the apex and cartilaginous albumen. 



The name is from two Greek words indicating that the flowers are iu heads. 



For species see pp. 408-Jt09. 



