86 VICE. 



breaking the rear, the horse being urged forward with 

 the spur the instant his fore legs are down ; but if, 

 when he has gained anything like the perpendicular, 

 the rein or head be chucked, or by any misfortune in- 

 terfered with, the chances are that the brute will walk 

 about on his hind legs like a dancing dog, and most 

 likely finish by falling back on his rider. 



A martingal is sometimes found to be a preventive, 

 especially a running one. 



Jihhing. — The disposition to this vice is generally 

 called into action, in the first instance, by the fret con- 

 sequent on the abrasion of the neck by the collar, or by 

 the working of uneven traces (page 57). The use of a 

 saving-collar, and the careful adjustment of the traces, 

 may therefore obviate ^he propensity. 



Sometimes jibbing is the effect of bad handling when 

 starting with a heavy load. Where such a disjDosition 

 evinces itself, the carriage should be pushed from be- 

 hind, or another horse placed beside, or, if possible, in 

 front of the jibber, to lead him oiF. 



Shying may proceed from various causes, such as 

 defective sight, nervousness, or tricks ; thus it may be 

 the result of either constitutional infirmity or of vice. 

 From whatever cause proceeding, the proper way to 

 manage a shying horse is, to turn his head away from 

 the object at which he shies, in riding, pressing the 

 spur to the same side to which his head is turned ; thus, 

 if the object he dislikes be on the right, turn his head 

 to the left, and press your left leg, giving him that 

 spur, and vice versa, according to the side on which the 

 object to be avoided is found. If you have to deal 

 with a bad shyer, your time being precious, and you 

 only care to get through your present ride with the 



