152 HEREDITY AND CHRISTIAN PROBLEMS 



and that 25,000 of these families burrow in ccl 

 lars. In such conditions homes are impossible. 

 Vice and pauperism naturally spring from such 

 soil. The districts most overcrowded contain 

 the greatest number and the vilest of dram- 

 shops and the most unblushing licentiousness. 

 When it is remembered that those who live in 

 such circumstances are not strong, either physi- 

 cally, mentally, or morally, the certainty of pau- 

 perism is inevitable. 



Lord Shaftesbury said they had found that 

 workmen lost, on an average, about twenty days 

 each year from causes directly related to over- 

 crowded and unsanitary dwellings. He was 

 asked if he had seen the pamphlet called : " Is 

 it the Sty that makes the Pig, or the Pig the 

 Sty .'' " His answer was : " I am certain that a 

 great many people who are in that condition 

 have been made so by the condition of the houses 

 in which they live." He then gives the gene- 

 sis of a pauper family. "A young artisan in 

 the prime of life, an intelligent, active young 

 man, capable of making his forty or fifty shil- 

 lings a week, comes up to London ; he must 

 have lodgings near his work ; he is obliged to 

 take, he and his wife, the first house that he 

 can find. ... In a very short time, of course, 



