APPEARANCE OF THE msiDE. 3 



neys. The description of these will be found at sections 52 and 53 respective- 

 ly ; and they are delineated as situated in the picture, the liver hetween the 

 parallels of J — N, 22 — 28, and the kidneys at 11, 29, 30. Returning forwards, 

 the operator will find his way to the heart and lungs obstructed by the midriif, 

 (see })late at 22 to 28, ascending slantwise from L to H) that divides and keeps 

 asunder these from the first-named parts, lest the guts and liver should ob- 

 struct the action (functions) of the heart and lungs, and I'z'ce versa. Its ap- 

 pearance has been described (sect. 35.) as resembling a drum-head ; and like 

 it, if pricked with the knife, the cavity of the chest is instantly laid open — an 

 immense vacuity, that [)roves to what a vast extent the lungs must fill at every 

 inspiration of fresh air, to occupy so great a space, and further spread out the 

 ribs to the utmost extent of the intercostal muscle that holds them together. 

 In the plate the lungs are depicted in a quiescent state, at J to N, and 15 to 

 22; but when filled they occupy all the vacant space above, in addition to their 

 lateral width. Hence, the im})ortance of this viscus (as they call each of the 

 vital parts above named), to which 1 have attached such high consideration 

 in the sequel, will at once be seen and ap.{)reciated. See sections 31 — 3(5. 



Concerning the Heart, its structure and functions, — so much has been said 

 m another j)lace, and so minute is the description of each, that I shall add no 

 more here, than refer to the sections, where the reader may find ample in- 

 structions for examining this main-spring of animal life. See sections 37 to 

 Ml. In the annexed picture, it is delineated as lying near the lungs [LMN, 

 <9 — 21]; to the upper part whereof it is attached, as described hereafter. 



By pursuing this course of inquiry, the operator will discover what is, or 

 •ught to be, the healthful state and appearances of the main functions of the 

 jnimal system, — he will perceive the auxiliaries and their uses, — he will liave 

 .ntbrmed himself (it is hoped) of the treatment any horse has received previ- 

 ously to its death; and he may thus store up in his mind, or better still, upon 

 paper, what dread eflects may be produced by the drenches, cordials and diu- 

 retics that stimulate but to destroy the vitals of the animal.* He will see and 

 compare the animals that die in health (accidentally), or after a short illness, 

 with those which die after protracted illness; upon the healthy ones that are 

 doomed, a few hours ]>reviou5ly, he may try the experiment of some favoured 

 farrier's celebrated mixture, and subsequently send him the stomach to prove its 

 eflicacy in "killing all disorders." 



Happily, the cause of humanity may be served, and the interests of his own- 

 tjr promoted at the same time, by our (first) ascertaining the nature and 

 amount of the horse's powers by his make, shape, or built; and, thereupon, 

 demanding of him no more, in the way of service, than is clearly proveable to 

 iic within his power, or putting him to those labours only to which his capa- 

 bilities are best adapted. In the neglect of this plain rule lies the root of all 

 error as regards i)reserving the health of horses. Some materials for making 

 d tolerably good estimate as to this head of information, are arranged in the 

 first chapter : the .second being well pondered, and the facts ?ind observations 

 it contains rightly stored up in the reader's mind, he will learn what functions 

 belong to each part of the animal in health; or, these being deranged or ob- 

 Btructed, he \\\\\ know in how much the horse is affected : and the third chap 

 ter being read with reference to both, I entertain the well founded hope, thai 

 this course will enable the general reader to form tolerably accurate notions of 

 the nature, origin, and tendency of the animal's internal and constitutional 

 diseases, upon which all the others depend, but which have hitherto received 

 but little attention any where here, and, consequently, are but imperfectly 

 Known among us. Not only so, but the reader may, by these means, by study 

 and close observation, enable himself to demonstrate nearly to a certainty, 

 when & cure is hojieless ; and further the cause of humanity, and the interest* 



