BLOODY URINE CALCULUS. 107 



that are attacked with this disorder, and those people more than any other lie 

 open to this kind of advice. 



Incontinence of urine is cf the same nature as the last-mentione<l, only 

 differing in the discharge being involuntary, and the amount, or quantity pro- 

 duced. The disposition to stale frequently, or the urine coming away with 

 scarcely an efTort, proves that great irritability of the bladder is the proximate 

 cause, and we may infer that the quantity would be greater if the animal had 

 more in his system. For this feature of the diabetes attacks only old worn 

 up horses, in whom the quantity of blood is small, and its course slow. Dia- 

 betes of the younger animals sometimes terminates in this mode of producing 

 water by driblets and in small quantities, but to which the moderns have given 

 a distinct term, though both are the same disease ; a small degree of in- 

 flammation prevails when the animal is greatly affected with incontinence. 

 See page lOG. 



The treatment should be the same, nearly, as directed at page 106. Give 

 occasionally the tonic ball. No. 2, page 70, for two or three days. A run at 

 grass for a week, and generous feeding afterwards, generally complete the cure, 

 no other obstacle intervening. 



BLOODY URINE, 



I have already said, is but one feature among many other symptoms of ni- 

 flamed kidneys; and the only reason why I deem it worthy of separate notice 

 is, that real "inflammation of the kidneys" is not always present when bloody 

 urine appears, especially when no other symptom thereof accompanies this 

 single demonstr:iiion of disorder. Its causes may be traced to excessive la- 

 bour, as drawing in a cart or wagon, whilst a slight cold of the kidneys may 

 obstruct their proper action : the office of separating the blood from the water 

 is in this event performed with much difficulty, and of course imperfectly ; 

 and small portions of the former, instead of ascending towards the heart, de- 

 scend to the bladder with the urine, while the animal is straining every nerve 

 and vein. 



Rest and a cooling diet are the best remedies for this apparent affliction. 

 Should tenderness of the kidneys be evinced upon the touch, or other symp- 

 toms of augmented pain appear, give the tonic ball, No. 2, page 70, occasion- 

 ally employing ISo. I instead : the alteration will be found beneficial. If these 

 symptoms increase (which I shoukl not apprehend), then of course the attack 

 must be met with strong appropriate remedies. But I have never known one 

 case of bloody urine out of several score, where the appearance thereof ceases 

 with the day of rest, and comes on again with hard labour, that did ever ter- 

 minate in genuine inflammation of the kidneys : it will return at intervals 

 (upon hard work) during the animal's whole life probably, without any fur- 

 ther ailment attending it. 



CALCULUS; OR STONE IN THE COECUM, KIDNEYS, 

 URETER, AND BLADDER. 



When we consider for a moment the vast circulation that passes the (livef 

 nnd) kidneys, there to undergo separation, as before fully described in the first 

 book ; and recollect, that hard extraneous substances pass through these or- 

 gans, and find their way even into the blood, our astonishment ought to ceaso 

 it discovering earthy particles, often hardened into stone, in some one or other 

 of those parts. 



Cause. — The first particle that is deposited or left belimd is no doubt very 

 Ir-viaF, as the bisect! m of many such stones most amply proves. Want of 



