SYMFIOMS. TESTS OF TRUE GLANDERS. 137 



firmed and incurable. This is " the second species " of La Fosse, which may 

 be communicated by contact, or by respiring the same air, in the stable ; 

 though it does not appear until eight or ten days after the infection, in the en- 

 largement of the gland, accompanied by running. The third species is caused 

 by farcy being in the system, or by inoculation, in which way the glanders is 

 often communicated by experimentalists : the running at the nose and swell- 

 ing of the glands are then symptomatic of farcy, and must be treated as such. 

 What inference is to be drawn from all those premises, but that we should 

 endeavour to ascertain the length of time the patient has been afflicted ; whether 

 he has received any e^cternal injury to cause it, or, has he been brought in 

 contact with infected horses, and when? and out of the answers hereto we 

 form the resolution of condemning the animal to solitary keeping, at the least; 

 and setting about the remedies that are likely to restore him to health. Crowd- 

 ed towns, posting stables and barracks, are most subject to contain glandered 

 horses, on account of their closeness, and the frequent succession of inmates 

 to which they are liable ; for some horses will bear it for a good number of 

 years, the discharge almost subsiding (though the swelling of the glands re- 

 mains) upon changing to country quarters, or to a succession of regular living 

 and regular work. 



Symptoms. — No cough accompanies real glanders in any of its stages; and 

 this though a negative piece of information, shall be taken as a good and posi- 

 tive criterion that must not be neglected : a running may make its appear • 

 ance, as it does at the left nostril usually, in the glanders, and the glands under 

 the jaw may adhere to the bone, as they do in real glanders, but no cough ac- 

 companies these symptoms of glanders. When cough supervenes, the dis- 

 ease may be a catarrh, or a consumption, the asthma, or strangles, but these 

 are not contagious, unless they last a long time, and adhesion of the glands 

 takes place : in these last mentioned disorders the discharge commonly pro- 

 ceeds from both nostrils alike; whereas, the running in incipient glanders is 

 chiefly confined to the left,* and the gland of one side only is then affected. 



As the disorder proceeds, it affects both sides alike ; ulcers appear all over 

 the pituitary membrane, occasioned by the corrosive nature of the discharge. 

 This assumes a different appearance as the constitution of the individual 

 may have been more or less gross or vitiated ; the appearance or quality of the 

 discharge differs also, according to the manner in whicn the disease may have 

 been acquired ; i. e. whether it has been engendered or caught by infection. 

 If it come of the first mentioned, through a depraved system, the glands are 

 harder, often smaller, and always adhere closer, than in those cases which aru 

 derived from infection, at a time when the animal is otherwise in comparatively 

 good health. Again, with the infected horse, the matter comes off copiously; 

 It i» curdled, and may be rubbed to powder between the fingers when dried. It 

 subsequently hardens, and becomes chalky when submitted to acids ; whereas 

 the animal that engenders the disease without receiving infection sends forth 

 matter that is party-coloured, less in quantity, blackish, watery; and mixed 

 with bloody and white mucus. Finally, if the animal that receives the disor- 

 der by infection be previously in a bad state of health, those symptoms are com- 

 plicated and more intense, the ulcers are more numerous, the cartilages of the 

 nose become rotten, and the bones likewise in a short time : the creature seema 

 to have combined together the evils of its own system with that of the £ufferer 

 from whom he had received it. In both cases the swelled glands are simply 

 hard tumours without any matter in them. 



In addition to the preceding tokens for discovering at an early period the true 



' < )f eight hundred cases of glanders that come under the notice of M. Dupuy on'j dne haim 

 tssa affec'ed in ihe right nostril. 



