12 



A PATTERN PLANT. 



[SECTION 2. 



^ 



11. On committ ing tlieso seeds to moist and warm soil tbcj soon sprout, 

 i. e. (jermimte. Tlic very short stem-part of the embryo is the first to 

 grow. It lengthens, protrudes ils rool-eud ; this turns downward, if not 

 already pointing in that direction, and while it is Icngthoning a root forms 

 at its point and grows downward into the ground. This root continues to 

 grow on from its lower end, and tlius insinuates itself and 

 penetrates into tlie soil. The stem meanwhile is adding 

 to lis length throughout; it erects itself, and, seeking the 

 light, brings the seed up out of the ground. The mate- 

 rials for this growth have been supplied by the cotyledons 

 or seed-leaves, still in the seed: it was the store of nour- 

 ishing material they held which gave them their thickish 

 shape, so unlike that of ordinary leaves. Now, relieved of 

 a part of this store of food, which has formed tlie growth by 

 which they have been raised into the air 

 and light, they appropriate the remain- 

 der to their own growth. In enlarging 

 they open and throw off the seed-husk ; 



they expand, diverge into a horizontal 



position, turn green, and thus become 



a pair of evident leaves, the first foliage 



of a tiny plant. This seedling, although 



diminutive and most simple, possesses 



and puts into use, all the Organs of 



Vegetation, namely, root, stem, and 



leaves, each in its proper element, — the 



root in the soil, the stem rising out of 



it, the leaves in the light and open air. 



It now draws in moisture and some 6 5 7 



food-materials from the soil by its root, 



conveys this through the stem into the leaves, where these materials, along 



with other crude food which these imbibe from the air, are assimilated into 



vegetable matter, i. e. into the materia! for further growth. 



12. Further Growth soon proceeds to the formation of new parts, — 



downward in the production of more root, or of branches of the main root, 



upward in the development of more stem and leaves. Tiiat from which a 



stem with its leaves is continued, or a new stem (i.e. branch) originated, is 



a Bud. The most conspicuous and familiar buds are those of most shrubs 



and trees, bearing buds formed in summer or autumn, to grow the following 



Fig. 5. Early Fla.K scrdling ; .stem (caulick'), root at lever end, cxpamled socil- 

 leaves (cotyledons) at the other: minute Imd (plumule) lietween these. 6. Same 

 later; the bud developed into .second pair of leaves, with hardly any stem-part be- 

 low them; then into a tliird p.air of leaves, raised on a short .joint of stem; and a 

 fifth leaf also showinc. 7. Same still older, with more leaves developed, but these 

 singly (one after another), and witli joints of stem between them. 



