viii CONTENTS. 



Movements of Organs, Twining Stems, Leaf-movements . . 150 



Movenieiits of Tendrils, ISensiiiveness 152 



Movements in Flowers 153 



Movements for capture of Insects 154 



Work costs, using up Material and Energy 155 



SECTION XVII. CUYPTOGAMOUS OU FLOWERLESS PLANTS 156 



Vascular Cryptogams, Pteridopliytes 156 



Horsetails (Equisetacea;), Ferns . 157 



Club-Mosses (Lycopodium), &c 161 



Quillworts (Isoiites), Pillworts (Marsilia) 161 



AzoUa. Cellular Cryptogams 162 



Bryopliytes. Mosses (Musci) 163 



Liverworts (Hepaticse) 164 



Thallophytes 165 



Cliaraceae 167 



AlgEe, Seaweeds, &c 168 



Lichenes or Lichens 171 



Fungi 172 



SECTION XVIII. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 175 



§ 1. Kinds and Relationship 175 



Species, Varieties, Individuals 176 



Genera, Orders, Classes, &c 177 



§ 2. Names, Terms, and Characters 178 



Nomenclature of Genera, Species, and Varieties 179 



Nomenclature of Orders, Classes, &c. Terminology .... 180 



§ 3. System 181 



Artificial and Natural 182 



Synopsis of Series, Classes, &c 183 



SECTION XIX. BOTANICAL WORK 184 



§ 1. Collection or Herborization 184 



§ 2. Herbarium 186 



§ 3. Investigation and Determination of Plants . . . 187 



§ 4. Signs and Abbreviations 188 



Abbreviations of the Namks of Botanists 190 



(jlossary combined with Index 193 



