118 



FRUIT, 



[section 14. 



ries, blackberries, the Magnolia fruit, etc. Moreover, Ibe ripened product 

 of mauy flowers may be coiiipucted or grown together so as to form a single 

 compound fniit. 



347. Its kinds have therefore to be distinguished. Also various names 

 of common use iu descriptive botany have to be mentioned and defined. 



348. In respect to composition, accordingly, fruits may be classified 

 into 



Simple, those which result from the ripening of a single pistil, and con- 

 sist only of the matured ovary, either by itself, as in a cherry, or with 

 calyx-tul)e completely incorporated with it, as in a gooseberry or cranberry. 

 Aggregate, when a cluster of carpels of tlie same flower are ci'owded into 

 a mass ; as iu raspberries and blackberries. 

 Accessor!/ or Anthocarpous, when the surroundings or supports of the 

 pistil make up a part of the mass; as does 

 the loose calyx changed into a fleshy and 

 berry-like envelope of our Wintergreen 

 „',«, V y (Gaultheria, Fig. 366, 367) and BuiralD- 



4il/ ^A f=^ berry, which are otherwise simple fruits. 



In an aggregate fruit such as the straw- 

 ^^^ ^''" berry the great mass is receptacle (Fig. 



360, 368) ; and in the blackberry (Fig. 369) the juicy receptacle forms the 

 central part of the savory mass. 



Multiple or Collective, when formed from several flowers consolidated 



into one mass, of which the common 

 receptacle or axis of inflorescence, 

 ^ the floral envelopes, and even the 

 bracts, etc., make a part. A mul- 

 berry (Fig. 408, which superficially 

 much resembles a 

 blackberry) is of this 

 multiple sort. Aj)ine- 

 apple is another ex- 

 ample. 



349. In respect to 

 texture or consist- 

 ence, fruits may be 

 distinguished into three kinds, viz. : — 



Fleshy Fruits, those which are more or less soft and juicy throughout; 



r^? cnr 



3G8 



869 



Fig. 366, Forming fruit (capsule) of Gaultheria, with calyx thickening around 

 its base. 367. Section of same mature, the berry-like calyx nearly enclosing the 

 capsule. 



Fig. 368. Section of a part of a strawberry. Compare with Fig. 3G0. 



Fig. 369. Similar section of part of a blackberry. 370. One of its component 

 simple fruits (drupe) in section, showing the pulp, stone, and contained seed: more 

 enlarged. Compare with Fig. 375. 



