DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIVILIZED KACES. 11 



tively more heterogeneous. Again, the greater ratio 

 which the cranial bones bear to the facial bones illustrates 

 the same truth. Among the vertebrata in general, pro- 

 gress is marked by an increasing heterogeneity in the verte- 

 bral column, and more especially in the vertebra) constitut- 

 ing the skull : the higher forms being distinguished by the 

 relatively larger size of the bones which cover the brain, 

 and the relatively smaller size of those which form the 

 jaw, &G. Now, this characteristic, which is stronger in 

 Man than in any other creature, is stronger in the European 

 than m the savage. Moreover, judging from the greater 

 extent and variety of faculty he exhibits, we may infer that 

 the civilized man has also a more complex or hetero- 

 geneous nervous system than the uncivilized man : and 

 indeed the fact is in part visible in the increased ratio 

 which his cerebrum bears to the subjacent ganglia. 



If further elucidation be needed, we may find it in every 

 nursery. The infant European has sundry marked points 

 of resemblance to the lower human races ; as in the flat- 

 ness of the alse of the nose, the depression of its bridge, 

 the divergence and forward opening of the nostrils, the 

 form of the lips, the absence of a frontal sinus, the width 

 between the eyes, the smallness of the legs. Now, as the 

 developmental process by which these traits are turned into 

 those of the adult European, is a continuation of that 

 change from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous dis- 

 played during the previous evolution of the embryo, which 

 every physiologist will admit ; it follows that the parallel 

 developmental process by which the like traits of the bar- 

 barous races have been turned into those of the civilized 

 races, has also been a continuation of the change from 

 the homogeneous to the heterogeneous. The truth of the 

 second position — that Mankind, as a whole, have become 

 more heterogeneous — is so obvious as scarcely to need 

 illustration. Every work on Ethnology, by its divisions 



