50 PKOGRESS : ITS LAW AND CAUSE. 



cattle of our own country — it will not be questioned that 

 local differences of climate, food, and treatment, have trans- 

 formed one original breed into numerous breeds now be- 

 come so far distinct as to produce unstable hybrids. More- 

 over, through the complications of effects flowuig from 

 single causes, we here find, what we before inferred, not 

 only an increase of general heterogeneity, but also of spe- 

 cial heterogeneity. While of the divergent divisions and 

 subdivisions of the human race, many have undergone 

 changes not constituting an advance ; while in some the 

 type may have degraded ; in others it has become decidedly 

 more heterogeneous. The civilized European departs more 

 widely from the vertebrate archetype than does the savage. 

 Thus, both the law and the cause of progress, which, from 

 lack of evidence, can be but hypothetically substantiated 

 in respect of the earlier forms of life on our globe, can bo 

 actually substantiated in respect of the latest forms. 



If the advance of Man towards greater heterogeneity 

 is traceable to the production of many effects by one cause, 

 still more clearly may the advance of Society towards 

 greater heterogeneity be so explained. Consider the 

 growth of an industrial organization. When, as must oc- 

 casionally happen, some individual of a tribe displays un- 

 usual ai^titude for makmg an article of general use — a 

 weapon, for instance — which was before made by each man 

 for himself, there arises a tendency towards the differentia- 

 tion of that individual into a maker of such weapon. His 

 companions — warriors and hunters all of them, — severally 

 feel the importance of having the best weapons that can 

 be made ; and are therefore certain to offer strong induce- 

 ments to this skilled individual to make weapons for them, 

 He, on the other hand, having not only an unusual faculty, 

 but an unusual liking, for making such weapons (the talent 

 and the desire for any occupation being commonly associa- 

 ted), is predisposed to fulHl these commissions on tha offer 



