SOCIAL DIFFERENTIATIONS. 51 



of an adequate reward : especially as his love of distinction 

 is also gratified. This first specialization of function, once 

 commenced, tends ever to become more decided. On the 

 side of the weapon-maker continued practice gives increased 

 skill — increased superiority to his products : on the side of 

 his clients, cessation of practice entails decreased skill. 

 Tims the influences that determine this division of labour 

 grow stronger in both ways ; and the incipient heterogene- 

 ity is, on the average of cases, likely to become permanent 

 for that generation, if no longer. 



Observe now, however, that this process not only dif- 

 ferentiates the social mass mto two parts, the one monopo- 

 lizing, or almost monopolizing, the performance of a certain 

 function, and the other having lost the habit, and in some 

 measure the power, of performing that function ; but it 

 tends to imitate other differentiations. The advance we 

 have described implies the introduction of barter, — the 

 maker of weapons has, on each occasion, to be paid m such 

 other articles as he agrees to take in exchange. But he 

 will not habitually take in exchange one kind of article, 

 but many kinds. He does not want mats only, or skins, or 

 fishing gear, but he wants all these ; and on each occasion 

 will bargain for the particular things he most needs. What 

 follows ? If among the members of the tribe there exist 

 any slight differences of skill in the manufacture of these 

 various things, as there are almost sure to do, the weapon- 

 maker will take from each one the thing which that one ex- 

 cels in making : he will exchange for mats with him whose 

 mats are superior, and will bargain for the fishing gear of 

 whoever has the best. But he who has bartered away his 

 mats or his fishing gear, must make other mats or fishing 

 gear for himself; and in so doing must, in some degree, 

 further develop his aptitude. Thus it results that the 

 small specialities of faculty possessed by various members 

 of the tribe, will tend to grow more decided. If such 



