298 BAIN ON THE EMOTIONS AND THE WILL. 



but have also severally become compound internally, though 

 externally simple : so two emotions, simple and near akin 

 in their roots, may not only have grown unlike, but may 

 also have grown involved in their natures, though seeming 

 homogeneous to consciousness. And here, indeed, in the 

 inability of existing science to answer these questions which 

 underlie a true psychological classification, we see how 

 purely provisional any present classification is likely to be. 

 Nevertheless, even now, classification may be aided by 

 development and ultimate analysis to a considerable extent ; 

 and the defect in Mr. Bain's work is, that he has not syste- 

 matically availed himself of them as far as possible. Thus 

 we may, in the first place, study the evolution of the emo- 

 tions up through the various grades of the animal kingdom : 

 observing which of them are earliest and exist with the 

 .lowest organization and intelligence ; in what order the 

 others accompany higher endowments ; and how they are 

 severally related to the conditions of life. In the second 

 place, we may note the emotional differences between 

 the lower and the higher human races — may regard as 

 earlier and simpler those feelings which are common to 

 both, and as later and more compound those which are 

 characteristic of the most civilized. In the third place, we 

 may observe the order in which the emotions unfold during 

 the progress from infancy to maturity. And lastly, compar- 

 ing these three kinds of emotional development, displayed 

 in the ascending grades of the animal kingdom, in the ad- 

 vance of the civilized races, and in individual history, we 

 may see in what respects they harmonize, and what are the 

 implied general truths. 



Having gathered together and generalized these sever- 

 al, classes of facts, analysis of the emotions would be made 

 easier. Setting out with the unquestionable assumption, 

 that every new form of emotion making its appearance in 

 the individual or the race, is a modification of some pre-ex- 



