DEVELOPMENT OF TIIK EMOTIONS NEGLECTED. 305 



history of the emotions based on external characters, can 

 be but provisional. We think that Mr. Bain, in confining 

 himself to an account of the emotions as they exist in the 

 adult civilized man, has neglected those classes of facts out 

 of which the science of the matter must chiefly be built. 

 It is true that he has treated of habits as modifying emo- 

 tions in the individual ; but he has not recognized the fact, 

 that where conditions render habits persistent in successive 

 generations, such modifications are cumulative : he has not 

 hinted that the modifications produced by habit are emo 

 tions in the making. It is true, also, that he occasionally 

 refers to the characteristics of children ; but he does not 

 systematically trace the changes througli which childhood 

 passes into manhood, as throwing light on the order and 

 genesis of the emotions. It is further true that he here 

 and there refers to national traits in illustration of his sub- 

 ject ; but these stand as isolated facts, having no general 

 significance : there is no hint of any relation between them 

 and the national circumstances ; while all those many moral 

 contrasts between lower and higher races which throw 

 great light on classification, are passed over. And once 

 more, it is true that many passages of his work, and some- 

 times, indeed, whole sections of it, are analytical ; but his 

 analyses are incidental — they do not underlie his entire 

 scheme, but are here and there added to it. In brief, he 

 has written a Descriptive Psychology, which does not ap- 

 peal to Comparative Psychology and Analytical Psychol- 

 ogy for its leading ideas. And in doing this, he has omit- 

 ted much that should be included in a natural history of 

 the mind ; while to that part of the subject with which he 

 has dealt, he has given a necessarily-imperfect organization. 



Even leaving out of view the absence of those methods 

 and criteria on which we have been insisting, it appears to 

 as that meritorious as is Mr. Bain's book in its details, it is 



