310 BAIN ON THE EMOTIONS AND THE WILL. 



Bciousness ; but those in which such represented special 

 relations are thought of merely as comprehended in a gen- 

 eral relation — those in which the concrete relations once 

 experienced, in so far as they become objects of conscious- 

 ness at all, are incidentally represented, along with the 

 abstract relation which formulates them. The ideas result- 

 ing from this abstraction, do not themselves represent ac- 

 tual experiences ; but are symbols which stand for groups 

 of such actual experiences — represent aggregates of repre- 

 sentations. And thus they may be called re-represen- 

 tative cognitions. It is clear that the process of re-repre- 

 sentation is carried to hisfher stao^es, as the thougjht be- 

 comes more abstract. 



Feelings, or those modes of mind in which we ara 

 occupied, not with the relations subsisting between our sen- 

 tient states, but with the sentient states themselves, are di- 

 visible into four parallel sub-classes. 



Presentative feelings, ordinarily called sensations, are 

 those mental states in which, instead of regarding a corpo- 

 real impression as of this or that kind, or as located here or 

 there, we 'contemplate it in itself as pleasure or pain : as 

 when eating. 



Presentatwe-representatwe feelings, embracing a great 

 part of what we commonly call emotions, are those in 

 which a sensation, or group of sensations or group of sen- 

 sations and ideas, arouses a vast aggregation of represented 

 sensations ; partly of individual experience, but chiefly 

 deeper than individual experience, and, consequently, in- 

 definite. The emotion of terror may serve as an example. 

 Along with certain impressions made on the eyes or ears, 

 or both, are recalled in consciousness many of the pains to 

 which such impressions have before been the antecedents ; 

 and when the relation between such impressions and such 

 pains has been habitual in the race, the definite ideas of 

 iuch pains wliich individual experience has given, ar€ 



