390 THE SOCIAL ORG AK ISM. 



Pohjzoa or Molluscoida. The Ascidian Mollusks, too, in 

 their many varied forms, show us the same thing : exhibit- 

 ing, at the same time, various degrees of union subsisting 

 among the component individuals. For while in the Salpa^ 

 the component individuals adhere so slightly that a blow on 

 the vessel of water in which they are floating will separate 

 them ; in the Botryllidoe there exists a vascular connexion 

 between them, and a common circulation. 



Now in these various forms and degrees of aggregation, 

 may we not see paralleled the union of groups of connate 

 tribes into nations ? Though in regions where circum- 

 stances permit, the separate tribes descended from some 

 original tribe, migrate in all directions, and become far re- 

 moved and quite separate ; yet, in other cases, where the 

 territory presents barriers to distant migration, this does 

 not happen : the small kindred communities are held in 

 closer contact, and eventually become more or less united 

 into a nation. The contrast between the tribes of Ameri- 

 can Indians and the Scottish clans, illustrates this. And a 

 glance at our own early history, or the early histories of 

 continental nations, shows this fusion of small simple com- 

 munities taking place in various ways and to various extents. 

 As says M. Guizot, in his history of " The Origin of Rep- 

 resentative Government," — 



" By degrees, in the midst of the chaos of the rising society, 

 small aggregations are formed which feel the want of alliance and 

 union with each other. . . . Soon inequality of strength is 

 displayed among neighbouring aggregations. The strong tend to 

 subjugate the weak, and usurp at first the rights of taxation and 

 mihtary service. Thus political authority leaves the aggregations 

 which first instituted it, to take a wider range." 



That is to say, the small tribes, clans, or feudal unions, 

 sprung mostly from a common stock, and long held in con* 

 tact as occupants of adjacent lands, gradually get united in 

 otber ways than by mere adhesion of race and proximity. 



