APPENDIX 227 



A young stag accompanying an old one was called his 

 squire (F. escuyer). 



Hinds also were called by different names from the 

 first to the third year, but the " Master of Game " does 

 not give these, nor do any of the earliest works. Man- 

 wood, Blome, and Cox give the following terms : first 

 year, a calf; second year, a Hearse or brocket's sister; 

 third year and ever after, a hind. A somewhat similar 

 term was employed in France to denote a young stag 

 between six months and a year old. Haire, also spelt her 

 (G. de Champgrand Baudrillard), and Harpaille^ was the 

 term for a herd of young stags and hinds. 



Hart's Age. — The fable that a stag can live a hundred 

 years which the " Master of Game " repeats (p. 34) after 

 G. de F. was not of the latter's invention, but one that 

 had been current for many centuries before their day. 



HORNS. — When the " Master of Game " was written 

 hunting horns were the curved primitive shape of those 

 made from the horns of animals, and most of them pro- 

 bably were still made of the horns of cattle, while those 

 used by the richer gentry and nobles were fashioned 

 from some rarer animals' trophy, such as the ibex, or 

 carved of ivory, and some were made of precious metal. 

 But whether of simple horn, ivory, or of wood, they 

 were decorated with gold or silver ferrules, rings, and 

 mouthpieces, and some being provided with a stopper, 

 could be converted into drinking horns. Unfortunately 

 the " Master of Game " does not tell us the material of 

 which horns should be made. He simply says how they 

 should " be dryve." They were to be two spans long 

 (i ft. 6 in.), slightly curved so that both ends were 

 raised from three to four fingers' breadth above the 

 centre ; the larger end or the bell was to be as wide as 

 possible, and the mouthpiece not too small. It was 

 waxed thickly or thinly, whichever the huntsman thought 

 produced the best sound. What effect the wax had can 

 scarcely be judged, but it was evidently considered an 



