73 



amounted to 20| million lb. Additional mills have since been 

 established. 



Of less important articles of export, the value of tobacco 

 has risen from a little over 2 lakhs iii 1855-56 to 17 lakhs in 

 1889-90, and tea from \ a lakh to 5 lakhs. Cinchona is a 

 plant very recently introduced, and the exports of this drug 

 from this Presidency amounted to 12 lakhs of rupees. In 

 connection with the manufacture of tobacco, there are 32 

 factories in which cigars to the value of upwards of 7 lakhs of 

 rupees are manafactured. 



32. The value of the sea-borne imports of the Presidency 

 amounted in 1889-90 to 9|^ crores of rupees, 



The prou-ress of trade pi-i^it i„ \, ^£ 



in imported articles and of which 4-15 crorcs or nearly one-half 

 the low cost at which consisted of cottou manufactures. Cotton 



they are now obtained. . -. -, . i p i . r» n 



piece-goods have increased irom about 28 

 lakhs in 1855-56 to 2-68 crores in 1889-90 ; cotton twist from 

 23 lakhs to 1'47 crores ; metals from 11 to 58 lakhs ; liquors from 

 13 to 21 lakhs. The other articles imported in 1889-90 were 

 railway materials 40 lakhs; timber and wood 21 lakhs; hard- 

 ware and' cutlery 20 lakhs ; coal, machinery and mill work 34 

 lakhs ; salt 28 lakhs ; apparel 2S lakhs ; kerosine and other oils 

 20 lakhs ; spices and areca-nuts 19 lakhs ; gunny bags 17 lakhs ; 

 stationery ! 4 lakhs ; provisions 1 4 lakhs ; drugs and medicines 

 9 lakhs ; woollen goods 8 lakhs ; sugar 5 lakhs ; raw silk 12 

 lakhs ; books 3 lakhs ; other minor commodities 9 lakhs. Some 

 of the articles, such as machinery and mill-work, could not of 

 course have been procured except by means of foreign trade. 

 In the case of other articles, the cost, that is, not merely 

 nominal prices but real values, allowing for change in the pur- 

 chasing power of money, has been enormously reduced. For 

 instance, the money price of cotton goods, it will be seen from 

 the statement given in the appendix, Y.-D. (e), is now about 

 two-thirds of the price in 1850, and as the purchasing power of 

 money estimated in terms of food-gj-ains is now only two-fifth of 

 what it was in 1850, it is clear that a ryot on the coast has now 

 to give in exchange for cloth a little more than one-fourth of the 

 quantity of grain he gave in 1850 and a ryot in the interior 

 even less. The same proportion holds good as regards the 

 exchangeable value of metals and other imported goods more 

 or less. The fall in the value of imported goods has been 

 specially great since 1873, owing to economies effected (1) in 

 the cost of production in European countries by the adoption 

 of labour-saving processes in the manufacture of commodities, 

 and (2) jn the cost of carriage by the opening of the Suez 

 f Canal and improvements in the construction of steamers. There 

 are, says Sir Lyon Playfair in his book entitled Subject of 



10 



