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the Punjab has caused distress to camel drivers. A diversion 

 of trade is also often caused, from particular localities or tracts 

 of country, and places which were once prosperous decay 

 and new places spring up in their stead. Walla jahnugger, 

 for instance, which was once a place of great importance 

 as an emporium of trade is now much decayed. The facilities 

 of intercommunication between different parts of the country, 

 and the rapid diffusion of information as to the conditions of 

 the market as regards demand and supply of commodities by 

 means of telegraph render the maintenance of central depots 

 to some extent unnecessary, the dealers in commodities being 

 enabled to communicate directly with the producers in the 

 rural tracts. There is thus increase of trade in the country as 

 a whole, while there may be a diminution in some of the 

 centres. And, generally, in gauging the extent of improve- 

 ment it would not be right to confine our attention exclusively 

 to special localities or classes, but the entire industrial field 

 should be taken as a whole. 



Fifthly, it must be borne in mind that by improvement 

 here referred to must be understood the development of an 

 industrial regime, and that the motive power under it being the 

 multiphcation of wants and the stimulus given to exertion by 

 the necessity for gratifying them, the dissatisfaction with 

 one's lot that is beginning to be generally felt is in this 

 case a sign of progress and not of deterioration. There 

 is, undoubtedly, increasing pressure felt by the community as 

 a whole, because wants have been increasing faster than the 

 means of satisfying them. At the same time the wants could 

 not increase unless the means increased also. It is this in- 

 creasing pressure that makes it difficult for people in general 

 to believe that they are making headway, but the real fact is 

 that they are somewhat richer in life from an industrial 

 point of view and their ideal of comfortable existence, is gradu- 

 ally expanding though they may be poorer in contentment. 

 A landholder who would have lived in a simple contented wa,y 

 40 years ago, giving his boys no education, and marrying his 

 daughters to village boors provided they had a sufficiency to 

 live upon, requires better house accommodation and more 

 comforts, wishes to give his boys an expensive English 

 education and to marry his daughters to educated husbands 

 and finds it a hard pull to arrange for all this; and the 

 very pressure impels him to make increased efforts to increase 

 his means. This result is seen in a district like Tanjore 

 where of brothers in a family who would formerly have lived 

 in their villages in their poor contented way on their patri- 

 mony, several leave the villages and seek employment in 



