Hx 



master gives them to another man ; and the borrower commands their 

 labour and provides them with their maintenance. The annual hire is 

 8 fanams (3s. 11-^d.) for a man and half as much for a woman. 

 These two tenures are utterly abominable; for the person who exacts 

 the labour and furnishes the subsistence of the slave is directly- 

 interested to increase the former and diminish the latter as much as 

 possible. In fact^ the slaves are very severely treated, and their 

 diminutive stature and squalid appearance show evidently a want of 

 adequate nourishment. There can be no comparison between their 

 condition and that of the slaves in the West India islands, except that 

 in Malabar there are a sufficient number of females who are allowed 

 to marry any person of the same caste with themselves, and whose 

 labour is always exacted by their husband^s master, the master of the 

 girl having no authority over her so long as she lives with another 

 man's slave. 



Manapuram, Malabar. — At Manapui'am a slave, when 30 years old, 

 costs about lOir fanams, or £2 14s. '7d.; with a wife he costs double. 

 Children sell at from 15 to 40 fanams, or from 8s. 2jd. to 21s. lOcl. 

 A working slave gets daily three-tenths of a poray of rough rice, or 

 about 36^ bushels a year. He also gets annually 1 fanam for oil and 

 1^ fanams for cloth, which is just sufficient to wrap round his waist. 

 If he be active, he gets cloth worth 2 fanams, and at harvest time 

 from 5 to 6 porays of rough rice. Old people and children get from 

 one to two-thirds of the above allowance, according to the work 

 which they can perform. 



Tdmracheri, northern division of Malabar. — The daily allowance 

 here established for slaves is of rough rice — 



Cubical inches. Bushels. 



To able-bodied men, 6 nallis 



heaped ... ... ... = 148| yearly 25^ 



To able-bodied women, 6 



nallis streaked ... ... = 103^ ,, 17-|- 



To old persons and children — 



3 nanis heaped = 7H >, 12t^ 



The average, allowing one child and one old person to every two 

 men and two women in the prime of age, will be 18^*^ bushels, of 

 which one-half is husk. When the scarcity that usually happens- 

 every year prevails, they get part of their allowance in yams 

 {Dioscoreas), jacks (Artocarpus) or plantains (Miisa). When harvest 

 is over, they receive each, according to their activity, a present of 3 

 or 4 porays of rough rice, or from 1 to 1-^-^ bushels, which will make 

 the annual average about 9^ bushels of rice. Their masters give 

 them also some salt, oil and pepper, and they are allowed to keep 

 fowls. Each person has annually three pieces of cloth. The slaves 

 say, what indeed cannot be doubted, that they are much better used 

 by their own masters than when they ar» let out on mortgage 

 (kanom) or hire (patom). 



Tellicherry , Malabar. — The farmers (cudians), whether cultivating 

 rice ground or plantations, according to Mr. Rodriguez, live very 

 poorly, although they get almost four-fifths of the grain^ and at least 



