Ixii 



a piece of cotton cloth, and a jacket. Children and old people get 

 some ready-dressed victuals at the house of the master^ andare also 

 allowed some clothing. The men work from sunrise till sunset, and 

 at noon are allowed one Hindu hour, or about 24 minutes, for dinner. 

 The women are allowed till about 8 o^clock in fche morning to prepare 

 the dinner, which they then carry to the fields and continue to work 

 there with the men until sunset. 



Soonda, in Canara. — A farmer who has five ploughs is esteemed 

 a rich man. With these he must keep 6 men and 6 women and 10 

 laboring cattle, and at seed-time and harvest he rnust hire additional 

 laborers. 'Farmers who are not Brahmans, unless their farms be 

 large, work the whole with their own families ; but rich men must hire 

 servants, or keep slaves, and to hold their plough Brahmans must 

 always have people of the low castes. This is a kind of work that 

 even a Haiga Brahman will not perform. 



A man-slave gets daily 2 seers of rough rice, or yearly about 26 

 bushels, worth £1 2s. O^d., a handkerchief, a blanket and a piece of 

 cloth worth 2 rupees (4.5. 0|d.), a pagoda in money (8s. O^d.), 6 can- 

 dacas of rough rice at harvest (14s. 6d.) ; total £2 8.s. 7^d. The 

 women get one piece of cloth annually, and a meal of ready-dressed 

 victuals on the days that they work, which may amount annually to 

 8s. Id. Hired men get four seers of rough rice a day, worth less than 

 three half -pence. 



Nagara, — Most of the cultivation is carried on by the families of 

 the cultivators ; there are very few hired servants, but a good many 

 slaves, by whom, on the farms of the Brahmans, all the ploughing is 

 performed. A slave gets annually 1^ rupees for a blanket, 3 rupees' 

 worth of cotton cloth, quarter rupee for a handkerchief, 6 candacas of 

 rough rice worth 4 rupees to procure salt, tamarinds, &c., and daily 

 1| colaga of rough rice, or annually 27| candacas (or almost 49 

 bushels) worth £1 16s. llffZ. ; add the annual allowances 17s. 7j(^., 

 the total expenses of maintaining a male slave one year is £2 14s. 

 7kd. A woman-slave gets as follows : 365 colagas of rough rice, one 

 daily, and 3 candacas at harvest, in all 21 j candacas or 36 j bushels, 

 worth 14 Jg- rupees ; 2 rupees' worth of cloth, and quarter rupee for 

 a jacket, in all nearly 16| rupees or £1 13s. 2(7. The marriage of a 

 slave costs 10 pagodas, or about 4 guineas, 'J'he wife belongs to the 

 husband's master. A master cannot hinder his slave girl from marry- 

 ing the slave of another man, nor does he get any price for her. 

 The widow and children, after a slave's death, continue with his 

 master. If a slave has no children by his first wife, he is allowed to 

 take another. 



Harihar. — The greater number of the farmers here have only one 

 plough each ; but all such as have not more than three ploughs are 

 reckoned poor men, and are in general obliged to borrow money to pay 

 the rent, and to carry on the expenses of cultivation. The crop is a 

 security to the lender, who is repaid in produce at a low valuation. 

 Farmers who have 4, 5, or 6 ploughs are able to manage without 

 borrowing, and live in ease. Those who have more stock are reckoned 

 rich men. Bach plough requires one man and two oxen, and can 

 cultivate two mars of land, or about 17 acres : In seed-time and 



