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the field, are found to be less oppressive and more convenient for the 

 third class to deal with ; and hence they are used as middlemen by the 

 first and the third classes. It is this second and third classes of people 

 that reap the full benefits of the advantages of the British rule, and it 

 is those falling under the first class, if they do not pursue other ways 

 of getting money, and if they waste their time, energy and money in 

 useless luxury, &c., that are going down. 



All tlie advance made during this generation is in no way pro- 

 portionate to the intentions of the Grovemment and their trouble and 

 expenses in establishing colleges and training institutions at the Pre- 

 sidency towns to introduce into the country the scientific modes of 

 cultivation of the Western nations. The country has adopted only 

 such portions of the advantages which the force of the surrounding 

 circumstances in their natural course have driven the people to adopt, 

 and nothing more. It is still left to the future politico-economic 

 statesmen to find suitable ways to introduce into the country the more 

 profitable modes of scientific cultivation, and to the sympathising 

 scientist to devise means suitable to the low state of the poor country 

 to induce and lead its children step by step to reap the advantages of a 

 scientific agriculture. 



That trade, manufacture, and handicrafts have increased a great 

 deal during the present generation no one would dare to oppose. The 

 introduction of the railv/ays, the improved roads, and easy communi- 

 cations, the establishment of the village post offices, the increased 

 demand and supply, have tended to increase every class of trade from 

 the petty retail sales in the streets and villages to wholesale commerce. 

 The variety of things bought and sold in these days, and their quality, 

 and quantity compared with those found in the markets some twenty 

 years ago, show a great deal of advance, A largei' number of people 

 are employed now in these trades. Persons of every caste take up the 

 trades suitable to their means and ability. The first class of agricul- 

 tural population noted above are seen here and there using their time 

 and money to their advantage in trading. Those of the second and 

 third classes, too, carry on petty inland trades during the time they are 

 free from their work on their lands. Persons of other ancestral profes- 

 sions have cast off their prejudices, and freely take up trading if they 

 find it more convenient and paying than those of their forefathers. 



Manufacture and handicraft. — Here again the quality and the 

 quantity of the work turned out, and the variety of such work done in 

 these days, are far higher than what they were during the last gene- 

 ration. The caste which, in the majority of cases among the natives, 

 distinguishes the professions is now fast fading away. It is needless 

 here to enumerate the several branches of industry that are improved, 

 and that are newly started and starting up. Suffice it to say that our 

 artisans and manufacturers successfully imitate the works of the western 

 nations, and produce the necessary articles nearly equal in quality and 

 durability to those of their teachers and sell them much cheaper. The 

 hands that used to be idle or to be content with the making of rude 

 articles and low prices now find ample work and good samples, and a 

 ready sale to pay their labors. 



In conclusion, it may safely be stated that the state of the country, 

 is much better than what it was some twenty or twenty-five years ago 



