CCXXVl 



bulls and to be employed in collecting sand from the river for building 

 purposes. 



.S. Their average, income. — Of the class of merchants, those who get 

 profit of about Us. 100 and more per month are only 5 or 6 ; about 20 

 or 30 get from Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 and those who get from Rs. 5 to 

 Rs. 20 are about 400 or 500. The profession of brokers is not very 

 remunerative. A broker makes a profit of one anna on every rupee, 

 but to earn a profit of 30 or 40 rupees in a month he has to employ 

 two agents — one to go about the town and watch the progress of the 

 cloths entrusted to the laborers and another to keep accounts. Very 

 often he has to borrow money and pay the weavers in advance. 



The average income of a cooly family is Rs. 5 a month and it never 

 goes higher than Rs. 10 a month. Females also work ; some are 

 employed in preparing the threads for weaving, some in the dyeing of 

 cloths and others in the marking of spots or what is called fundadis. 

 Boys of 12 years and more also earn wages and generally get from one 

 rupee upwards. 



4. The quantity of cloths manufactured in the town, their different 

 kinds and the average values thereof. — The number of looms in the town 

 is about 3^500. About four cloths can be woven from a loom in a 

 month. This gives a total of 14,000 cloths per month for the whole 

 town. 



The different kinds of cloth manufactured are the following : — 



Puluhka selais — Of the value of Rs. 2 to Es. 3|. 



Urumals — Of the value of Re. 1 to Rs. 6 per taw or tari, consisting 

 of 8 each. 



Plain male cloths with silk borders — Of the value of Re. 1 to Rs. 4. 



White laced head kerchiefs dyed — Of the value of Rs. 7 to Rs. 12, 

 the charge for dyeing being Rs. 2 or Rs. 3 in excess. 



Chittadais — Of the value of Rs, 3 to Rs. 8. 



Female cloths of sorts. — The ordinary ranging from Rs. 6 to 

 Rs. 20 and special cloths from Rs, 40 to Rs. 80. 



Upper cloths — Of the value of Rs. 10 to Rs. 15. 



Es. 500 is the highest value of a cloth which has ever been made 

 in Madura. Merchants of their own accord do not order for cloths of 

 value of more than Rs. 80 to Rs. 100. The cloths made ordinarily 

 range from Rs. 6 to Rs. 10 only in value. 



The introduction of cotton twist from England, of lace from France, 

 as well as of even the dyeing stuff from Bombay has considerably 

 affected the value of the cloths made in the town and necessarily the 

 wages to the coolies and the profits to merchants. Of the 14,000 

 cloths above mentioned as being made in a month in the town, for 

 7,000 to 10,000 cloths the inferior brass lace is used and the value of 

 these do not go over Rs. 6 at the utmost. Their average price may be 

 fixed at Rs. 2| per cloth and this gives the sura total of Rs. 17,500 to 

 25,000. The average value of an ordinary cloth with good lace 

 may be fixed at Rs. 7 and supposing that good lace is used for the 

 remaining 4,000 cloths, their approximate value amounts to Rs. 28,000. 

 Thus the total value of cloths made in the town in a month may be 

 fixed at Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 60,000. 



