Ill EXPEDITION OF THE " CHALLENGER " 87 



genus Globigerina is abundantly represented in the cretaceous 

 epoch, and perhaps earlier. 



"I abstain, however, at present from drawing any positive 

 conclusions, preferring rather to await the result of more 

 extended observations." J 



Dr. Wallich, Professor Wyville Thomson, and 

 Dr. Carpenter concluded that the Globigerince live 

 at the bottom. Dr. Wallich writes in 1862 " By 

 sinking very fine gauze nets to considerable depths, 

 I have repeatedly satisfied myself that Globigerina 

 does not occur in the superficial strata of the 

 ocean." 2 Moreover, having obtained certain living 

 star-fish from a depth of 1,260 fathoms, and found 

 their stomachs full of " fresh -looking Globigerince " 

 and their debris he adduces this fact in support 

 of his belief that the Globigerince live at the 

 bottom. 



On the other hand, Mliller, Haeckel, Major 

 Owen, Mr. Gwyn Jeffries, and other observers, 

 found that Globigerince, with the allied genera 

 Orbulina and Pulvinulina, sometimes occur abund- 

 antly at the surface of the sea, the shells of these 

 pelagic forms being not unfrequently provided 

 with the long spines noticed by Macdonald ; and 

 in 1865 and 1866, Major Owen more especially 

 insisted on the importance of this fact. The 

 recent work of the Challenger fully confirms Major 

 Owen's statement. In the paper recently pub- 



1 Appendix to Report on Deep-sea Soundings in the Atlantic 

 Ocean, by Lieut. -Commander Joseph Dayman. 1857. 

 - The North Atlantic Sea-bed, p. 137. 



