30 BIOLOGICAL LECTURES. 



of the inductive and deductive methods in France and England. 

 France leads in expression and style of thought, although, upon 

 the whole, less sound in substance than Germany. England, 

 and France in her best period, have given us the most far- 

 reaching and permanent generalizations in biology. It follows 

 that the American student who can afford the experience will 

 profit most by placing himself successively in the scientific 

 atmosphere of Germany, France, and England. My own post- 

 graduate education was unfortunately not of this three-sided 

 type. None the less, it has always seemed a most fortunate 

 circumstance that in the spring of 1879 a letter from the vener- 

 able Kitchen Parker led me to Cambridge, and to the great 

 privilege of sitting under Balfour, the most brilliant and lovable 

 of men. In the following autumn Huxley's lectures upon 

 Comparative Zoology began in October, and by entering this 

 course I came to know personally this great master, and 

 through him enjoyed the rare opportunity of meeting Charles 

 Darwin. After this experience, which was equally open to any 

 serious student of biology at that time, it is natural that I 

 should strongly advise those of you who are planning your 

 foreign studies to spend part of your time in England, and 

 endeavor to discern some of the distinctive qualities of English 

 men of science which Huxley so nobly illustrated. You will 

 pardon the personal element in the following recollections of 

 Huxley as a teacher, and the rather informal review of his life 

 work. 



Huxley, as a teacher, can never be forgotten by any of his 

 students. He entered his lecture-room promptly as the clock 

 was striking nine, rather quickly, and with his head bent forward 

 " as if oppressive with its mind." He usually glanced attention 

 to his class of about ninety, and began speaking before he 

 reached his chair. He spoke between his lips, but with per- 

 fectly clear analysis, with thorough interest, and with philo- 

 sophic insight which was far above the average of his students. 

 He used very few charts, but handled the chalk with great 

 skill, sketching out the anatomy of an animal as if it were a 

 transparent object. As in Darwin's face, and as in Erasmus 

 Darwin's or Buffon's, and many other anatomists with a strong 



