BIBLIOGRAPHY, A STUDY OF RESOURCES. 159 



problem of the morphological (segmental) value of the tri- 

 geminal nerve, and yet cannot give exact information concerning 

 its anatomical disposition in any animal. 



Henri Milne-Edwards was born in 1800, and died in 1885. 

 He was a typical naturalist, trained under the influence of the 

 great Cuvier, and as a naturalist looked upon animals very 

 differently from the modern morphologist, with whose ways he 

 was as little able to sympathize as with the views of Darwin. 

 In many respects the naturalist had a broader conception of 

 zoology than now prevails, for to him the earth was a whole, in 

 which rocks, animals, and plants all had their parts and mutual 

 relations, and the comprehension of these relations was the 

 ideal for the attainment of which he strove. You will find 

 in Milne-Edwards' writings typical illustrations of the scientific 

 attitude of zoologists before the Darwinian theory was put 

 forth, and from these illustrations one preserves an impression 

 of loss which has befallen us through our surrendering too 

 fully to the biological tendencies and fashions of our day. It 

 is therefore doubly profitable to consult Milne-Edwards' Physi- 

 ologic, for it not only collates much information not else- 

 where well united, but also presents it from a point of view 

 novel to most of us, although it was the point of view of 

 those great men who created not only zoology in the nar- 

 rower sense, but also physiology, comparative anatomy, and 

 palaeontology. 



The other, Bronn's Thierreich, is doubtless well known to 

 you all. It is a work on a vast plan, aiming, as it does, to 

 present a comprehensive summary of our knowledge of the 

 morphology, including also the classification, distribution, and 

 biology of all classes of the animal kingdom. The volumes are 

 issued in thin parts, each volume dealing with a single class. 

 It thus happens that many years have elapsed between the 

 beginning and the completion of a volume, the extreme being 

 the volume on Crustacea, which was begun in 1866 and, al- 

 though it has acquired great bulk, is still unfinished, though its 

 author, Professor Gerstaecker, of Greisswald, had at the time 

 of his death nearly terminated the work. The status of Bronn's 

 Thierreich at the present time is as follows : 



