AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES. 



b. Aka-kura-kake-mame, with a brown spot on the saddle (eye), 

 otherwise yellowish-green, flat and drawn out long. 



c. Fuiri-mame or Udzura-mame, speckled or spotted soy-bean, 

 yellowish-green with many dark flecks. A rare variety, grown 

 only in a few places, especially in Harima. 



Early-ripening soy-beans are sown as early as April in Southern 

 Japan, in Central Japan during May. Those that ripen in autumn 

 need much more warmth, and are sown, as a rule, one month later. 

 In mountain-districts, land is often chosen which has lain fallow 

 all winter, or wheat and barley-fields are taken. The soy-beans are 

 here planted in terraces, being put into holes beside the stalks of 

 ripening winter grain. Hence, when this is harvested, the pulse 

 needs only to be hoed and manured. Late-ripening Daidzu is also 

 a favourite for planting along the edge of fields and on the new- 

 built dykes of rice-fields. 



With its thick foliage, the soy-bean needs more light and warmth 

 than our pulse. If air and light are denied it, the blossoms 

 and fruit are scanty, and without the required warmth, the latter 

 does not ripen. The shade of tea-bushes in Eastern Asia, and of 

 grape-vines with us, is sufficient to diminish considerably its fruc- 

 tification. It is therefore not profitable to plant it in tea-gardens 

 and vineyards. For the same reason its seeds should be planted 

 far apart, from four to fifteen in a square meter. 



It has been found that the early ripening sorts require an aver- 

 age warmth of from 20° to 30° C, according as they are sown at 

 the beginning or in the middle of May. This varies not merely 

 with the sub-species, but also according to the time of sowing, 

 inasmuch as a delay in the latter until the middle or end of May 

 brings about a quicker development and a shortening of the period 

 of vegetation, in the higher temperature of air and soil that then 

 prevails. These early-ripening sorts flourish farther north even 

 than the limit of successful maize-culture. The others are pre- 

 vented by the first frosts from reaching the natural conclusion of 

 their growth, for their blossoms and unripe pods die when the 

 temperature falls below — 2° C. 



At the end of his above-mentioned treatise, Haberlandt summed 

 up in five noteworthy propositions, the results of his experiments 

 with the soy-bean and of its chemical analysis. His conclusions 

 are as follows : — 



{a) The acclimatization of the early-ripening sorts, particularly 

 those with yellow and reddish brown seeds, appeared to have fully 

 succeeded in Central Europe. 



ib) The seeds obtained were larger, heavier, and handsomer 

 than those from Eastern Asia, the chemical composition, however, 

 remaining unchanged. 



(r) The soy-plant resists light spring frosts better than our 

 young beans, and endures greater dryness in summer than most 

 leguminous plants, though otherwise much like other kinds of beans. 



