82 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 



near Singapore, for example, in great masses, and shipped to China. 

 The Chinese use them not only for food, but make of them Hai- 

 Thao, a transparent glue, with which they stiffen silk and other 

 stuffs, and also fill up the interstices of coarse cloths for the manu- 

 facture of lanterns. Of the Japanese algae in this group, the 

 following deserve special mention : — 



1. Chondrus punctatus^ Sur. 



2. Gigartinia tenella, Harvey, Jap. Ogo. 



3. G. intermedia^ Sur. 



4. Gleopeltis tennx. Kg. {Sphcerococciis tenax, Ag.). 



5. Gl. capillaris, Sur., Jap. Shiraga-nori. 



6. GL coliformis, Harv., Jap. Kek'kai. 



7. GL intricata, Sur., Jap. Fu-nori. 



8. Gelidium corneum^ Lamouroux, Jap. Tokoroten-gusa. 



9. G. Amansii^ Lamour. 



10. G. cartilaginemn^ Gail. 



11. G. rigens, Grev., Jap. Tosaka-nori, i.e. cock's-comb algae. 



12. Sphcerococcus coftfervoides^ Ag., Jap. Shiramo. 



13. Gymnogongrous Jiabelliformis, Harv., Jap. Home-nori. 



14. G.japoiticus, Sur., Jap. Tsuno-mata. 



15. Kallymenia dentata, Jap. Tosaka-nori. 



16. Porphyra vulgaris ^ Ag., Jap. Asakusa-nori. 



(e) Fruits, Berries^ and Nuts. 



Japan, like China, possesses many kinds of fruit and other edible 

 plants, not only peculiar sorts, but also those which have long 

 been distributed over a great part of the temperate zone. But 

 most of them lack flavour, being insipid and in our judgment 

 not to be recommended. Almost all our favourite fruits, such as 

 apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, soon lose their 

 aroma, and degenerate somewhat \r\ form and size too, when trans- 

 planted to Japan or China. Hence Californian apples, for example, 

 win great favour and have a large sale among foreigners, during 

 the winter months, in all the larger ports of Eastern Asia, from 

 Yokohama to Singapore. The cause of this degeneracy of fruit in 

 Japan and China, especially the loss of aroma, may possibly be the 

 climate, particularly in the damp, rainy summers, but this has not 

 yet been definitely ascertained And the land is ill provided with 

 berries, too. Our black mulberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, 

 bilberries, and other kinds do not exist there at all, and strawberries 

 and grapes only scantily and in poor quality. The wild berries 

 that are eaten are mostly unpleasant to our taste. Tropical berry- 

 fruits do not enter into the question, as the most important and 

 hardiest of them, the banana, does not come to maturity, even in 

 Satsuma. 



