90 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 



20. Citrus dec7i7nana, L., Jap. Zabon, the shaddock. I found 

 specimens of it from various parts of Bungo, in an exhibition at 

 Funai. They differ considerably from those of Southern Europe 

 in shape and size, and are especially inferior to the splendid shad- 

 docks of the West Indian islands, where the family of the Auranti- 

 aceae undoubtedly attain their highest point of productiveness. 

 More frequent still are the smallest of this family in Japan — the 

 Kinkan, or fruits of 



21. Citrus japonica^ Thunb., which may be regarded as a transi- 

 tion to lemons and citrons. They become ripe in December and 

 January, and are sent to market at Tokio in great quantities. 

 From 12 to 15 are sold for five farthings. That they are "valde 

 dulces, grati et edules," as Thunberg affirms, is more than I can 

 admit. They are rich in citric acid and always reminded me of 

 Citrus lima, Risso (Eng. lime). Two varieties are distinguished, 

 as Siebold also states. 



{a) Kin-kan, with spherical fruit about the size of a large cherry. 



{b) T6-kinkan, i.e., Chinese Kin-kan, similar in size, but oval 

 in shape. Kaempfer compares the Kinkan, in form and size, not 

 inappropriately, with nutmegs. They present a handsome appear- 

 ance. Their smooth, light orange-coloured skin is dotted with 

 green dimples, and is very aromatic. The flesh, however, is used 

 like that of lemons, on account of its acidity, 



C. aurajitium microcarpuin and C. a. minimum, Dierbach ^ seem 

 to be identical with Kinkan [C j'aponica, Thunb.). A note on the 

 " Limonier du Bresil " in the old botanical garden, under an article 

 in the Revue Horticole of 1880, treating of remarkable orna- 

 mental plants in Lisbon, probably refers to the same variety, for it 

 says that the old tree bears small round lemons every year, as big 

 as medium-sized plums. 



22. Citrus media, Risso, Jap. Tebushiu-kan, the citron, var. 

 chirocarpus, L., Jap. Bushiu-kan, oval, with a thick, lumpy and very 

 aromatic skin. It is not frequent. 



2^. Citrus medica Limonum, Brandis and Hooker, Jap. Yudzu, 

 the lemon of the English. 



24. Pimica granatum, L., Jap. Zakuro. This low tree is found, 

 though but singly, much farther north than the Aurantiacese. I 

 saw it as far north as Kaga and Aidzu in gardens ; and in 

 Yonezawa and Sendai I noticed the ripe fruit for sale, which 

 was evidently grown in the vicinity. It was of medium size 

 and did not taste as good as that raised in the Mediterranean 

 region. 



25. Ficus carica, L., Jap. Ichijiku and T6-kaki, i.e., Chinese 

 Kaki. According to Thunberg, the common fig-tree was introduced 

 by the Portuguese. Its cultivation, however, remained only limited. 

 In China, too (according to Williams), the Portuguese tried to 



^ Dierbach : " Grundiss der allgemeinen okon. techn. Botanik." Heidelberg, 

 1836. 



