94 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 



well known, is distinguished by the fact that each burr, instead of 

 holding two or three nuts, contains only one, which is proportion- 

 ally large. 



39. Jtiglans regia, L. {Pterocarpa japoriicd) and 



40. Juglaiis Sieboldiana, Maxim. (/. nigra, Thunb.,/. mandschiirica, 

 Miq.). Both kinds of walnut are called Kurumi in Japan and 

 are, perhaps, only found cultivated. They grow over a wide area, 

 though nowhere plentifully. 



41. Corylus heierophylla, Fisch. {C. Avellana, Thunb.), Jap. Hashi- 

 bami, mostly growing wild, but also cultivated. C. rostrata, Ait., is 

 more rare. 



42. Quercus cuspidata, Thunb., Jap. Shii. The small acorns of 

 this very frequent, evergreen species are sold under the name of 

 Shii-no-mi (Shii-seeds) and eaten roasted. 



43. Pinus koraiensis, S. and Z. {P. Strobiis, Thunb.), Jap. Goyo- 

 no-matsu. The seeds of this pine (probably only found cultivated) 

 are eaten, like those of the sweet-pine. For this purpose the crop 

 of cones is publicly sold by auction at the castle of Morioka in 

 Nambu. 



44. Torreya nucifera, S. and Z., Jap. Kaya. The edible nuts 

 are used chiefly to make oil. (See Kaya-no-abura.) 



45. Ginkgo biloba, L. {Salisburia adiantifolia, Smith), Jap. Icho 

 or Ginkiyo. Its fruit is called Ginnan (in China Pa-Kwa). It is 

 really stone-fruit, of the same size, shape, and colour as large mira- 

 belles, with thin, disagreeable flesh, and seed-kernels of which the 

 taste is not unlike that of almonds. According to Fortune, Ginnan 

 are bought and sold in all the markets in China, and they are no 

 less highly esteemed in Japan, though in the latter country the tree 

 is not grown for their sake as in China, but for ornamental pur- 

 poses. (See ornamental plants.) 



46. Trapa bispinosa, Roxb., Jap. Hishi. The double-thorned 

 water-nut or water-chestnut is found in stagnant water in Eastern 

 Asia, from Cashmere to Japan, sometimes growing wild, sometimes 

 cultivated for its fruit, especially in China. In Japan I often saw 

 it in weirs, particularly those which are used in watering rice-fields. 

 The variety Trapa incisa, S. and Z. (Z". natans^ Thunb.), Jap. Hime- 

 bishi, is also of frequent occurrence. 



47. Neliiinbiuui speciosum, Willd. {Nelunibo nncifera, Gaertn.), 

 Jap. Hasu. The elliptical nuts, Hasu-no-mi, as large as a small 

 acorn, of a greyish brown externally but white within, and having 

 an agreeable nut-like taste, have already been mentioned. 



(f) Articles of Food and Luxury as Chemical Products of the Raw 

 Materials mentioned under 2 (a) — (e). 



Under the heading " Alimenta composita," Siebold, in his cata- 

 logue of useful Japanese plants, which we cited above (p. 36), 

 names a number of preparations which are in part peculiar to that 



