AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES. 135 



lished by the Tokugawa in Yedo, two hundred years ago, the 

 Botanical Garden of the Tokio of to-day, contains the most im- 

 portant of them.^ It is not within the scope and purpose of this 

 work to repeat or enlarge it. I shall confine myself rather to the 

 relatively few plants which I found cultivated for medicinal pur- 

 poses, and in regard to which I know, from my own observation, 

 that they are still of more or less importance in husbandry, 

 (i) Pceonia Motttan, Sims, Jap. Botan. 



(2) PcBonia albiflora^ Pall, Jap. Shakuyaku. 



The ancients more than two thousand years ago, celebrated the 

 healing ^o\wqx: o{ PcEonia officinalis, L., which is indigenous in the 

 mountains of Greece and other Mediterranean countries, and 

 named it after Paeon, the chief physician of the gods. Both of 

 those kinds of shrub-shaped peonies enjoy an equally long standing 

 renown among the Chinese and Japanese. They are often raised, 

 not only for their handsome flowers, but for their medicinal roots. 

 (See also decoration, in "Art Industry.") One sometimes finds a 

 third and larger shrub set beside them in a garden plot, which, too, 

 serves medicinal purposes, namely : — 



(3) Evodia riitcEcarpa, Benth., Jap. Goshiu-yu or Kawa-haji-kami. 

 It resembles sumach, with its pinnate leaves, and is valued chiefly 



for its aromatic berries, — like its relatives, Evodia glauca and 

 Xanthoxylum pipei'ituin. 



(4) Ricijtus comimniis, L., Jap. Himashi. This is also called 

 T6jin-mame (Chinese bean) and T6-goma (Chinese sesame), names 

 which speak for its introduction from China. Often enough one 

 meets with little plantations of various medicinal herbs side by 

 side. In this wise I have found growing in the open field : — 



(5) Fceniadum vtdgare, Gaertn., the fennel, Jap. Uikiyo. 



(6) Angelica refracta, Fr. Schmidt, Jap. Senkiyu. 



(7) Angelica anomala, LalL, Jap. Biyakushi. 



(8) Scutellaria macrantha, Fisch., Jap. Ogon. 



(9) Mentha piperita, Thunb., peppermint, Jap. Hak'ka. 



(10) Rheum palmatum, L., Jap. Daio. 



(11) Rheum undidatum, L., Jap. Daio. We know now the real 

 home of this rhubarb through Przewalski's account of his journey 

 to the Kuku-noor and the head-waters of the Hoang-ho. Accord- 

 ing to him the centre of its natural distribution is the mountain 

 country between the sources of the Hoang-ho, Yalung, and Min- 

 kiang, in China. 



In connection with the foregoing drugs, I would mention, on 

 account of their peculiar and well-known use, three, that grow wild 

 in Japan : — 



(12) Aconitum Fischeri, Reichb., Jap. Tori-kabuto. 



(13) Artemisia vulgaris, L., Jap. Yomogi (Mogusa). 



(14) Illicium, S. and Z., Jap. Sikimi (pronounced Skimi.) 



^ In the tenth volume of the Pharmaceutical Journal, Holmes has recently 

 annotated a large number of them. 



