AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES. 143 



3. In Shinano along the Nakasendo, between the post-stations 

 Iwamurata and Wada, and also near the city of Takeda, on the 

 border of Hida. 



4. In Aidzu, about 140 miles north of Tokio, in several places, 

 especially near Terayama and Matsukawa, and also near Kuradani 

 and Uchi, on the road from Sanno-toge to Wakamatsu. 



Besides these parts of the country, where ginseng cultivation 

 was observed by Kempermann or myself, it is also found, according 

 to Maximowicz, near Hakodate, and in various other parts of the 

 Japanese empire, as can be seen in the Catalogue of the Exhibition 

 of Agricultural Products held in Tokio in 1877. 



For a number of years the immense demand for ginseng in China 

 has been supplied in part, too, by the United States. The roots of 

 a species {Panax quinqtiefoliiis, L.) indigenous in the Appalachian 

 range, have been prepared and put upon the Chinese market. 

 According to the reports of the commissioner of agriculture, nearly 

 $700,000 worth were exported in 1877. 



(16) Cmnavioviiim camphora, Nees and Eberm. {Laiirus cam- 

 pJiora^ L.), the camphor-tree or camphor-laurel, Jap. Kusu-no-ki 

 (pronounced Ksunoki). This is the giant among foliaceous trees 

 in Japan, exceeding all others, not only in girth, but in height 

 also, not excepting Pla?iera acuminata} Its weak representatives 

 in our green-houses, with their yellowish-green leaves and sickly 

 look, give scarcely an idea of the grand form with its dark-green 

 foliage which the producer of camphor (Jap. Shono) attains in its 

 home. But beyond the Alps, on the beautiful shores of the 

 Northern Italian lakes, in the Riviera, and further south, where the 

 tree flourishes and is distinguished for its rapid growth, we get 

 a more adequate conception of it. One specimen, for instance, in 

 the park of the well-known Villa Pallavicini near Pegli has grown 

 a stem of one meter in circumference, in 25 years. Even more 

 astounding is the growth of a camphor-tree in Cannes, which has 

 been raised from seed sown in 1871, and had in the autumn of 

 1878 a girth of 98 cm. at the base, and a height of 30 meters. 

 Much older and still more stately is the camphor-laurel in the bo- 

 tanical garden at Pisa, perhaps the largest specimen in Europe. 



The quick growth of the tree in the Mediterranean region, how- 

 ever, is not the only remarkable thing about it. It accommodates 

 itself easily to the hottest and driest climate in that region, not- 

 withstanding the rainy character of its home in East Asia. It is 

 one of the few Japanese plants which thrive in the Canary Islands, 

 for example, and has even grown sturdily at Schubrah, near Cairo. 

 The Laurus Camphora flourishes also in various other tropical 

 and sub-tropical parts of the world, e.g.^ at Buenos Ayres and in 

 Mauritius. Under these circumstances it is surprising that plan- 

 tations to obtain camphor have not been established anywhere. 



The camphor-tree is the principal and most widespread Japanese 

 ^ Kaempfer compares it with a linden. 



