AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES. 



179 



change in the amount of its yellow on the addition of caustic 

 hydrate of soda, chloride of lime, or sulphurous acid. 



e. Silk and wool, after their degraissage, take up the yellow pig- 

 ment easily, becoming a beautiful yellow, and the dye holds fast in 

 them when they are washed with soap and cold water. It holds, 

 too, against cold diluted lye, solution of chloride of lime, and 

 sulphurous acid, while hot soda-lye or solution of soap deprives 

 these textures of this colour immediately. Vegetable fibre is not 

 so receptive of the pigment, which is partly washed out at once 

 with water. 



Considering the great quantity of beautiful pigment contained 

 in Kiwada bark, it would be well worth while to perform some 

 more thorough experiments with it. These should be directed 

 to ascertaining its nature, and to answering the question, whether 

 the staying power of the beautiful yellow colour might not be 

 increased by using more suitable mordants. 



11. Pynts } Jap. Dzumi. The bark of this tree, with which 



I am not well acquainted, is also said to yield a beautiful yellow. 



12. Curcuma longa, L., Jap. Ukon. The rhizomas of this plant, 

 or rather the yellow dye prepared from them, are imported from 

 India and China. 



13. Prunus Mume, S. and Z. The bark, called Ume-kawa, yields 

 a light brown colour, the Shira-cha. 



14. Amygdalus Persica, L., Jap. Momo-kawa, the bark of the 

 peach-tree, serves in cloth-dyeing to produce the Cha-iro, the tea- 

 colour. 



15. To produce Kuro-iro, black colours, ferrous acetate and 

 ferrous sulphate are employed in connection with one of the many 

 bodies containing tannic acid. Among these must be enumerated 

 the galls, or Fushi, of Rhus seinialata, Murr. the fruits of species of 

 alder, Han-no-ki or Hari-no-ki {Alnus maritima, Nutt, A. incana, 

 Willd., A.firina, S. and Z.), the green fruit-hulls of the Kuri {Cas- 

 tanea vulgaris, Lamk.) and Tochi {Aiscidus turbinatay Blume), Shibu, 

 the juice of Diospyros kaki (L. and D., Lotos, L.), Kawa, the bark 

 of several different trees, particularly the Kashiwa {Quercus dentata, 

 Thunb.), Kunugi {L. serrata, Th.). The Budo-nedzumi, a dark 

 violet colour, is obtained by means of Fushi and 0-haguro (ferrous 

 acetate). If the latter is concentrated, the result is a black. Kobi- 

 cha, a grey-brown cloth-dye, is obtained from 0-haguro and 

 Momo-kawa ; Hiwa, grass-green, from indigo and Kiwada-bark. 

 A decoction of Kariyasu {Calaniagrostis Hakoneiisis, Fr. and Sav.) 

 yields a yellow-green colour. 



Tannic Acids. 



Leather {Kaiua) was formerly little used in Japan, so-called 

 leather-paper taking its place in most cases. Its manufacture and 

 manipulation, moreover, belonging to the unclean despised occupa- 



