220 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 



Resinous timber, and woods used in manufactures — (Bois de 

 travail resineux) 35 per cent. 



Deciduous timber, and woods used in manufactures — (Bois de 

 travail feuillus) 5 per cent. 



Deciduous woods for fuel — (Bois feuillus pour chauffage) 60 per 

 cent. 



This proportion, according to what has been said before, must 

 be very nearly that of the pine forests to the deciduous forests, so 

 that my conclusion as to the preponderance of the latter (vol. i. p. 

 151) is confirmed by Duport. The designation "Bois feuillus 

 pour chauffage " must be taken in connection with what I have 

 said regarding mountain deciduous forests, that their greatest use 

 consists in furnishing a supply of wood for charcoal. For it is evi- 

 dent that the demand for fuel is not so great in Japan as to con- 

 sume 60 per cent of its forests. On the other hand, Japanese 

 wood-culture is not limited to forests, as we see in Kiri {Paulownia). 



No thorough investigation of the Phyto-geography of Yezo, com- 

 prising also the high mountains, has hitherto been made ; but in 

 comparison, we learn from F. Schmidt that on Sachalin, the 

 Dwarf-fir region, the Pinus parviflora, which in Hondo is only 

 found on the high mountain peaks, in some places grows as high 

 up as 320 meters. 



My studies in the plant-geography of Japan led me to make 

 a classification of forest trees, especially Coniferae, in Honshiu 

 particularly, according to five zones of vegetation (vol. i. p. 157) ; 

 two years later, in his " Ueber den anatomischen Bau des Holzes 

 der wichtigsten japanischen Coniferen," ^ which I have already 

 quoted, and under the heading, " Beschreibung der japanischen 

 Waldflora," Dr. Yaroku Nakamura of Tokio, made a similar 

 zone classification. As his differs somewhat from mine I give the 

 two together in conclusion without further comment. 



"Rein, Japan, vol. i. p. 157. Nakamura writes: If we 



If we sum up in conclusion consider the vertical distribution 



what has been said as to the of forest trees in Japan, we are 



forms of vegetation in Japan, able to classify them in general 



and in particular as to the ver- in five zones. 



tical distribution of its conifers, 



we may distinguish five zones. 



\. Zone of Pine- Woods and i. Zone of the Pine Woods, 



fnniper to a height of 400 This reaches a height of 500 



meters. It embraces the region meters. The lower portion is 



of cultivation, the vegetation of inhabited by Pinus Massoniana, 



the sand-dunes, of stagnant and with the winter-green foliage 



slowly flowing water, of the trees such as Quercus acuta 



bushy hill-country and of the Q. glauca, Q. gilva, Q. phylly- 



1 " Untersuchungen aus dem forstbotanischen Institut zu Munchen." III. 

 Berlin, 1883, pp. 17-45. 



