AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES. 255 



tributed, as are also the fine numberless pith-rays. The heaviest 

 woods are those of the orange family, or Citrus varieties, men- 

 tioned on p. 89, 90, to which belong 



122. Citrus trifoliata^ L.," Jap. Karatachi, a high, strong, thorny 

 bush, used pretty much in live hedges. 



123. Phellodendron aimirense^ Rupr., the Amurian cork-tree, and 

 P.japonicum^ Maxim., till lately found only in Northern Japan. I 

 do not know their Japanese names and uses. The former has been 

 cultivated with success as an umbrageous tree in the Royal Insti- 

 tute for Gardening at Potsdam. 



1 24. Orixajaponica, Thunb. ( Celastnis orixa, M iq.), J ap. Kokusa-gi. 

 This large bush is found in the foliaceous forests of the lower moun- 

 tain region, and in gardens, e.g. and around Tokio. Its wood is 

 but little used. The strong aromatic odour of the leaves is dis- 

 agreeable to Japanese olfactories, hence its name, which signifies 

 " Little stink-tree." ^ 



125. ZantJioxyloii piperitiim^ D. C. {Fagaria piperita, Thunb.), 

 Jap. Sansho,^ like Z. Clav a- Hercules, L., is furnished with thorns 

 and spikes, as are many other kinds of this genus, which is known 

 in the warmer parts of America also. Large numbers of blunt 

 spikes and knobs of a grey colour show themselves on its usually 

 not very thick bark. They appear in the cross-section brown 

 in colour, and composed of concentric layers of a close cork-like 

 mass. The yellowish white wood is very equal, fine grained, close 

 and firm like box-wood. Cross-sections show clearly defined 

 year-rings, extraordinarly fine pith-rays and very small, regularly 

 distributed pores. It is worked on the turning-lathe in the Hakone 

 Mountains, especially for making many small articles such as pretty 

 cups for cigar ashes, which usually preserve the knobby cork-like 

 bark, and which are imported into Germany. 



126. Evodia glauca, Miq., Jap. Kiwada or Obaku. As the bark 

 and appearance of Kiwada has already been described on p. 176 a 

 brief notice of its wood will suffice here. The wood is much lighter 

 than that of the other varieties of the family. It is very soft, of 

 a light grey or brown colour, lighter and almost sulphur-yellow in 

 the sap-wood, like its inner bark, though much softer. The moder- 

 ately sized pores are especially numerous on the inner edges of the 

 clearly marked year-rings. 



Fam. Tiliace^. 



127. Tilia cordata, Mill, Jap. Shina-no-ki and Bodaijiu, called 

 by the Ainos Shibeshi (p. 170). 



128. T. mandschurica, Rupr. and Maxim., Jap. Bodaijiu. 



^ From ko:=little, kusai=stinking, ki=tree. 



" Concerning the value of this bush for its spice, see p. 71. 



