PAPER INDUSTRY. 389 



tunity for further cultivation of skill and taste. Embroidery, how- 

 ever, has not become a means of livelihood among the female 

 population, but in its finest forms has been long the work of men. 

 The ceremonial silk garments, theatre costumes, rich robes of the 

 priests, Fukusa or silk materials for wrapping presents and other 

 articles, all ornamented with Nui-haku, and many other fabrics, are 

 all from the hands of men. In Kioto, Nagoya and several other 

 cities, they embroider the beautiful panels of screens, pillow covers, 

 table cloths, etc., which have been exported for some time past, 

 and are so justly appreciated in Europe. 



If one walks through certain streets of these cities on a summer 

 day, he will see men and boys at work at their embroidery in front 

 of the houses. The silk or woollen material to be embroidered is 

 stretched over a frame, both ends of which are laid on two wooden 

 blocks or some other supports, some 50 or 60 centimeters high, so 

 that the needle may be easily put through from both sides. Birds, 

 flowers, and other things to be copied are designed on a pattern 

 or stitched free hand on the material. Oftentimes this silk em- 

 broidery is connected very skilfully with the painting or printing 

 of the material and also with the designs of figured silks, including 

 brocades, and in such case appears as a further decoration in 

 relief. 



(Plate VIII. p. 386 represents a brocade pattern, and Plate IX. 

 p. 1%^ a piece of Japanese embroidery.) 



5. Paper Industry. 



General Properties of Japanese Paper. — Materials for its Manu- 

 facture, and how obtained. — Making and Employment of 

 the Principal Kinds of Japanese Bast-Paper. — CoucJied Board : 

 Ita-me-gami and Hari-nuki. — Paper Hangings. — Chirimen- 

 garni, or Crape Paper. — Leather Paper, or Kami-kawa. — Shi-fu^ 

 or Paper Fabric. — Oil Paper, Waterproof Cloaks, Screens, Lan- 

 terns and Fans. — Appe^idix : Snmi-ire, the Japanese Writing 

 Box and its contents : BrusJi, Indian Ink, and Ink Dish. 



Literature. 



1. Kaempfer: " History of Japan." Appendix. 1827. 



2. Savatier : Usages et Fabrication du Papier Japonais, in " Bull, de la Soc. 

 de Geogr. de Rochefort."' 1881. p. 20. 



3. "Report on the Manufacture of Paper in Japan" (English Consul's 

 Report). 1 87 1. 



4. "K6 yeki koku san ko" (pronounced Koekikosdnko), zV. " Observations 

 on the Extension of the Useful Productions of the Country." Vol. viii. By 

 Okura Nagatsume. Osaka, 1884. Vols. v. and viii. 



5. St. Julien: " Industries de I'Empire Chinois." Paris, 1869. pp. 140-150. 



