396 ART INDUSTRY AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS. 



three or four years after sowing. They are cut in November or 

 December and further treated like those of Broussonetia. 



Mitsu-mata is found mostly in the provinces of Suruga, Kai, and 

 Idzu, and within a wide circle around Fuji-san, where a great deal 

 of paper is manufactured ; and at Ishikawa in Kai, Karasawa, and 

 other places on the Tokaido ; at Atami in Idzu, e,g.^ the celebrated 

 Suruga-banshi, a sample of which is shown in Plate XII. Here 

 high mountains protect the Mitsu-mata plantations from the rough 

 winds of winter. In other parts of the country they are more 

 scattered, and appear also as ornamental plants in gardens. In 

 colder districts the young plants must be covered to protect them 

 from the cold of the nights. When von Siebold said that the 

 Edgeworthia is of spontaneous growth in Japan, he was as surely 

 deceived as when he stated that it will accommodate itself to our 

 climate. 



3. Wickstroeniia canescens, Meisn. {Passerina Gan?pi, S. and Z.), 

 family of the Thymelaeaceae. The Gampi plant is a small bush, 

 related to our spurge laurel {Daphne Mezereiim, L.). It is widely 

 distributed in the mountain forests of the middle and southern 

 parts of the country, though not often meeting the eye, and here 

 in June develops its insignificant reddish brown flowers on the tips 

 of the branches, as appears in the woodcut in Plate XIII. I found 

 it usually from 300 to 600 meters elevation above the sea, as in 

 Mino and Ise. Gampi is not cultivated. In preparing it for paper 

 the bark is stripped off from the slender branches during the 

 summer, just where it grows, is dried and brought to market, 

 or used in the vicinity. In Makidani-mura, province of Mino, 

 the prices of Gampi and Kodzo were as follows in the summer of 

 1874: 



3 Kuwanme or 11 '193 kg. clean Gampi bark, i yen or 4 shillings. 

 2 „ or 7-462 „ „ Kodzo „ 2 „ or 8 „ 



The bark of the paper mulberry, which grows also in the neigh- 

 bourhood, was three times as dear as the Gampi.^ This last is 

 used by itself (for Gampi paper or Gampi-shi, Plate XIIL), or 

 mixed with Kodzo, bark material in making paper. ^ 



4. Morus alba, L., Fam. Moreae. The white mulberry tree (seep. 

 193), Jap. Kuwa, furnishes a bark, the Kuwa-no-kawa from which 

 the Kuwa-shi or mulberry paper in Ichikawa, (province of Koshiu), 



^ Dry Mitsu-mata bark is still cheaper than Gampi. During the same 

 summer 30 Kuwanme or iii'93 kg. (a common horse-load) of the former was 

 sold for 7*5 yen, or 30 shillings, so that its price is to that of the paper mul- 

 berry as 1:4. 



2 Several of the bushes of the Himalayan countries are nearly related to the 

 Gampi, and likewise supply the inhabitants with paper. The art of making it 

 is said to have come from Lhassa, to which the Chinese brought the process. 

 A well-known paper in Hindustan called " the Nepalese," is made in Nepal 

 from the bast of the " Sitabharua " {Daphne canabina, Wall). DapJme oleoides^ 

 Wall., and D. papyracea, Wall., serve the same purpose. 



