PAPER INDUSTRY. 405 



so firm that the two or three layers used to filter thick lacquer are 

 not only not injured by the wringing and pressing through of the 

 lacquer, but are afterwards smoothed out, dried, and used several 

 times over for the same purpose. 



2. Mo-ganii paper is similar, but not so fine. It is made at 

 Takamatsu, in the district of Mogami (Mogami-gori), province 

 of Uzen, and is used, like Yoshino-gami, in the Northern lacquer 

 manufacturing cities. 



3. Tejigu-jo, a name^ which may be translated " prize-crowned 

 labour," designates a class of papers which resemble the foregoing 

 mostly. They excel in fineness and pliancy the thinnest silk 

 papers, and are also much stronger. They are manufactured 

 principally in Mino, are yellowish white, and are sometimes tinted 

 with some colour. They are oftener printed with Gofun or chalk 

 powder in various figures. These so-called Mon-tengu-j6 papers 

 are extremely well adapted for pasting on common window panes 

 to make them opaque. 



4. Mino-ganii. )^y this term is understood pure Broussonetia 

 paper, which is made in the province of Mino, and is noted for 

 its great firmness. It is preferred on this account for covering 

 wooden wares in the process of lacquering (see Kami-kise, p. 358), 

 and for cord. Besides, it so transparent that it is also much used 

 as a covering of the lattice of sliding doors, or Sho-ji. 



The towns Hirose and Sakamoto, east of the Ibuki-gama, were 

 named to me as furnishing good Mino-gami ; but Makidani-mura 

 is without doubt the most important paper district of the province. 

 This embraces a tributary valley of the Gujo-gawa, whose mouth 

 is 6J ri from Gifu, the capital, at the town of Nagase. In passing 

 through the eight villages which make up Makidana-muria, one 

 sees the tokens of paper industry in the sheets spread out and 

 drying on the Sugi planks before the houses. I was told by the 

 burgomaster of Mitarai, the chief place, that this industry had 

 been carried on here for more than five hundred years. Besides 

 Mino-gami and Mon-shi, with its regularly separated transparent 

 lines and figures resembling water-Hnes, Campi-shi is also manu- 

 factured in considerable quantities. The glue used is the root- 

 mucilage of Hibiscus Manihot. 



Han-shi, i.e. half paper, in combinations called also Ban-shi, is 

 the commonest Japanese paper, used for writing, printing, handker- 

 chiefs, and other purposes, and is made in several parts of the 

 country. Like the two following varieties, it is inferior to Mino- 

 gami in quality and price. Sugi-hara should be mentioned here — 

 also a common variety, manufactured in many places, and which, 

 like many other kinds, is carried, instead of handkerchiefs, in 

 the wide sleeve of the Kimono or overcoat. The name Ko-ban- 

 shi, i.e. small Han-shi, is given to a similar and still smaller paper 

 used for the same purposes. 



^ From, Tengu = proud ; jo = distinguished, best. 



