4IO ART INDUSTRY AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS. 



pressed Kata sheets again apart, and builds another pile from 

 them and the paper sheets, only with the difference that this time 

 they must be laid in another position relative to each other. Then 

 follows another rolling and binding in the damp canvas and 

 pressing as in the first instance. After this has been done eight 

 or ten times, each time with a different position of the sheets 

 from that of the Katas, the work is complete. The sheets have 

 become considerably smaller in both directions. Then they are 

 stretched a little, and can now be put to further use. The trans- 

 formation into this twilled, soft elastic condition is a gradual one. 

 The sheets having first the position a b (in Figure 14), appear 

 after coming from the press ringed in a net-like fashion, and 

 all strongly in one direction. After the second pressing in the 

 position c d, these rings are crossed and diminished by those in 

 the second direction. After they are packed with the Katas 

 the third time in the position e f and subjected to the pressure 

 of the Momi-dai, they have instead of the length and crosswise 

 rings, a distinct huckaback texture. With each new operation, 

 as they are successively placed in the positions gc, hi, ni7t, op, 

 q r, and s t, this marking becomes constantly finer and more 

 regular, and the shrinking of the sheets and increasing softness and 

 pliancy go hand in hand with this transformation. 



The process of making figured sheets with coloured prints, soft 

 and twilled, is similar to the foregoing, save that in this two 

 such sheets with their printed sides turned toward each other are 

 enclosed between two Katas, and separated by a sheet of Han- 

 shi lying between. After the seventh arrangement and pressing 

 of the piles, the Han-shi sheets are removed, the two contracted 

 picture-sheets are laid together and pressed twice more. 



The mechanism and processes already mentioned have been 

 described and illustrated by Herr von Brandt (who so kindly 

 aided me in my studies in Japan) in the Fifth Book of the German 

 East Asiatic Society, just as we observed them together in several 

 workshops. Figure 14 is borrowed from his sketch given there. 

 As we were told in answer to our inquiries concerning the manu- 

 facture of the Katas that it was a trade secret, Herr von Brandt, 

 at my suggestion, bought several used and worn-out sheets, and 

 divided them between myself and our deceased friend. Dr. H. 

 Ritter, for further investigation. Two days later each of us, in 

 spite of the fact that we had followed wholly differentpaths, could 

 report to the surprise of Herr von Brandt, as a result of our chemi- 

 cal and microscopic examinations, that these brown Katas were 

 made up of pieces of old used-up Broussonetia-bast paper (in my 

 case they consisted of old receipts), pasted on each other and 

 together ; that these had been strongly compressed and ringed 

 in several directions with the wrapping sheets and the press, and 

 finally had been saturated and coloured with Shibu (p. 183). 



I then betook myself with this result and the old receipts 



