452 ART INDUSTRY AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS. 



8. — Ceramics. 



Prefatory Remarks. — Classification of Clay-wares with special 

 regard to the Japanese. — Historical Survey. — Begin?iings a7id 

 Accomplishments of the Industry of Japa?i till the Introduction 

 of the Potter s Wheel. — Progress. — Influence of Cha-no-yu. — TJie 

 Invention a7id Manufacture of Porcelain in China. — Introductio7i 

 of the Manufacture in Japan. — Its centres, also of the Stone- 

 ware Industry. — Aj'ita, Nayeshirogazua, Kagoshima', Kioto, 

 Seto, Ota, HongOj Kaga. — Stone-ivare. — Banko-yaki and 

 Imbe-yaki. 



Literature. 



1. A. Brogniart : " Traite des arts ceramiques et des poteries." Paris, 1844. 



2. B. Kerl : " Handbuch der gesammten Thonwaaren-Industrie." 2 Aufl. 

 Braunschweig, 1879. 



3. Leger, Hoffmann u. Biedermann : " Thonindustrie-Zeitung." 



4. Dingler's " Polyt. Journal." Bd. 198 and 227, with Analyses of Bischof 

 and von Glimbel. Bd. 246. " Ueber Glas, Glasuren, Porzellane, Steinzeuge, 

 und feuerfeste Thone," von G. Wagener. 



5. " Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft." 32 Band, i860, 

 with W. Pabst : " Untersuchungen von chinesischen und japanischen Gesteinen 

 zur Porzellanfabrication." 



6. "Transactions of the Asiat. Soc. of Japan," 1878. E. Satow : "The 

 Corean Potters in Satzuma," 1880. B. W. Atkinson : " Notes on the Porcelain 

 Industry of Japan." 



7. A. W. Franks : "Japanese Pottery." London, 1880. 



8. A. W. Franks : " Catalogue of a Collection of Oriental Porcelain and 

 Pottery." London, 1876. 



9. " Katalog der Oriental, keram. Ausstellung im orientalischen Museum zu 

 Wien." 1884. 



10. Ninagawa Noritane : " Kwan-ko-dzu-setsu, or History and Description 

 of Ceramic Art." Tokio, 1876-77. 



11. Capt. Brinkley : A History of Japanese Ceramics. The Chrysanthemum 

 and the Phoenix." Vol. iii. No. 1-6. Yokohama, 1886. 



12. La Ceramique, par M. J. Bing, in the magnificent work of L. Gonse : 

 " L'Art Japonais." Paris, 1883. 



13. G. Audsley and James Bowes : "Ceramic Art of Japan." London, 1881. 



Pottery industry derives its name, Ceramics, from a Greek 

 word — a designation which is used on account of its brevity, as it 

 embraces everything that is formed out of clay by the hands of 

 men and baked, from the common bricks to the finest porcelain. 

 The old Greeks and Romans knew of clay (/cepa/xo?^) that when 

 it was wet it would stick to the feet, and when dry to the tongue ; 

 also that it had a peculiar smell when breathed upon, which cannot 

 be described and yet cannot be mistaken. They knew also its 

 plastic character, and its resistance to the influence of water and 



^ Kepafios signified originally a drinking-horn, and then also the earthen 

 vessel and the clay from which it was made. 



