CERAMICS. 477 



are distinguished not only by a more careful treatment of the 

 materia], but especially by their beautiful and boldly designed 

 decorations, and novv-a-days are much sought after. The same is 

 true of the Kenzan-yaki, which was made by his most celebrated 

 pupil in the first half of the i8th century. It has a yellowish 

 colour (Ki-iro). The manufacturer, Ogata Shinsei, was called 

 Shisui Kenzan {i.e. beautiful blue north-west mountain), after the 

 factory located in the north-western part of Kioto, at the foot 

 of the Atago-yama (Ken-zan). The present Faience industry in 

 the suburb Awata has been developed from the Kenzan-yaki and 

 Ninsei-yaki, and also the porcelain manufacture at Kiyomidzu, 



Awata-yaki is manufactured in the eastern part of Kioto, on 

 both sides of the road which leads to Otsu in Omi. For the 

 material of this kind of crockery three or four kinds of kaolin or 

 clays, viz. Shigaraki-tsuchi ^ and Kagami-yama-tsuchi from Omi. 

 Okazaki-tsuchi and Dainichi-yama-tsuchi from the vicinity of 

 Kioto, are mixed in equal parts after previous preparation. It 

 burns to a grey white with a touch of red in the first fire (biscuit 

 burning), but appears almost white after the principal burning. 

 The yellowish crackle glaze is said to be obtained by mixing equal 

 parts of Seki (stone, probably Amakusa-ishi) and Aku, the ashes 

 from the waste of the indigo plant (see p. 177).^ 



The porcelain industry of Kioto has its seat in the Kiyomidzu 

 quarter, at the foot of the Higashi-yama, south of Awata (see vol. 

 i. map of Kioto). In Gojo-dori or Gojo-saka, the street leading 

 from the temple Kiyomidzu to the Kamo-gawa is a continuous 

 row of porcelain shops. Many sell the wares manufactured by 

 themselves. The predominance of the blue cobalt decoration 

 is already recognised from a distance, and shows that the industry 

 serves Japanese households principally ; nevertheless, in modern 

 times, the most important houses, such as D6-hachi and Roku- 

 bai, have adapted themselves likewise to the tastes of foreign 

 customers. This is even more true of Ken-zan, whose factory 

 is situated between Gojo-zaka and Yasaka. Many of the most 

 beautiful pieces of Kiyomidzu-yaki which are seen in the In- 

 dustrial Art Museum in Berlin are of his manufacture ; they are 

 distinguished by their great hardness, purity, transparency, and a 

 beautiful white colour, which sets off the cobalt blue particularly 

 well. The 'material of these valuable wares is made of 7 parts 

 Amakusa-ishi and 3 parts Shigaraki-tsuchi ; the glaze of Amakusa- 

 ishi and Isu-bai. 



Awaji-yaki or Mimpei-yaki. At the Universal Exhibition \\\ 

 Vienna, a sort of Faience by this name, similar to the Awata-yaki, 

 attracted much attention on account of its fine crackled glaze and 

 extraordinarily careful and delicate painting. It originated in the 



^ An analysis of this kaolin may be found in Table C, No. I. 

 2 The ware is ':alled Tamago-yaki (egg-burned), probably on account of this 

 yellowish colour. 



