CERAMICS. 479 



Isu-bai. The names Kairome-tsuchi and Seto-tsuchi signify the 

 kaoHn of the vicinity, a greyish white, granulated material, in 

 which the felspar of the granite is perfectly decomposed, but 

 the numerous bright quartz grains appear in their original state, 

 and are held together by kaolin. Hon-ishi or Cho-seki, i.e. chief 

 stone, is the grey-white felspar of granite. It is obtained on the 

 boundary of Owari and Mino, three hours distant from Seto, and 

 pulverized at Akadzu, an hour's distance from Seto, by three days' 

 stamping with water power in the manner before described, then 

 washed and brought to Seto. The Chikura-ishi and Hiromi-ishi, 

 the latter from Mikawa, seem to be very similar. Dr. Sarnow 

 analysed a sample of Hon-ishi which I gave him, and found its 

 contents as follows : 6578 per cent, silicic acid, 20*22 per cent, 

 alumina, 0'43 per cent, iron oxide, 077 per cent, lime, I0'33 per 

 cent potash, i"24 per cent, soda, and 0*5 i per cent, water, so that 

 it approaches very nearly to the Swedish and Norwegian felspar 

 (Mikroline), so much used in our German porcelain factories. It 

 is easily smelted to a transparent, colourless glass. 



Giyaman-ishi, i.e. glass-stone, is the name given to light grey 

 or blue-white quartz, which is found in the vicinity of Seto, and is 

 used in the Seto paste as a flux. The principal item to be observed 

 in the composition of this paste is that it is made in the European 

 manner, and resembles very closely the Bohemian porcelain paste. 



Seto porcelain is burned partly in cases, but generally entirely 

 uncovered, resting on fire-proof supports. In order to prevent the 

 porcelain fastening to this stand by fusing, there is used a thin 

 plate of grey talc, which is called Yori-tsuchi in Seto, and which 

 must be pulverized and washed before shaping. 



There are from 700 to 1,000 labourers employed in the porcelain 

 industry of Seto itself. Owari furnishes much earthenware, be- 

 sides Seto-mono, as for instance the Tokoname-yaki in Chidagori, 

 10 ri from Nagoya, the Inu-yama-yaki in Nuira-gori, and the 

 Toyoske-yaki in Nagoya itself, which the Toyoske family finishes 

 on the inside with coloured lead glaze, but on the outside with 

 lacquer painting. 



The foundation of the pottery industry in Owari is attributed 

 to Kato-Shirosayemon, called Toshiro, who, after spending five 

 years in China to learn pottery work, returned in 1223, and 

 settled down to its manufacture in Seto. He furnished glazed 

 stone-ware, and, like Gorodayu Shonsui in Arita, used for his first 

 efforts clay which he brought with him from China. Later he 

 followed a common custom and changed his name again into 

 Shunkei, so that Shunkei-yaki followed Toshiro-yaki. Several of 

 his successors distinguished themselves in the manufacture of tea- 

 jars (Tsubo), and several other articles, which were highly prized 

 during the time that the Cha-no-yu (tea parties) flourished. An 

 inferior Faience, with coloured enamel, was soon added to stone- 

 ware, but the art of manufacturing porcelain was not learnt or 



