CERAMICS. 



487 



i7.— Analyses of various Porcelain Pastes. 



C. Analyses of various Kaolins and Clays. 



Of these R. W. Atkinson published Nos. I.-IV., in " Trans- 

 actions As. Soc. of Japan," vol. viii. pp. 274, 275 ; Giimbel, V., 

 DingL Pol. J. Bd. 227, p. 501 ; Kalmann, VI., in Dingl. Pol. 

 J. Bd. 220, p. 445 ; and K. Bischof, VII., VIII., and IX., in 

 Dingl. Pol. J. Bd. 198, p. 396. As can be seen by comparing 

 them, the Arita-kaolin, which is found in company with the Arita 

 porcelain-stone, and must be regarded as only a further developed 

 form of this, comes next to the normal kaolin from St. Austell, in 

 Cornwall. Its burning is facilitated by its high amount of alkali, 

 which is of great value for the porcelain industry of Arita. Of 

 the other Japanese porcelain clays in the table, Shiga-raki is used 

 not only for Kioto Faience, but for porcelain ; and the kaolin of 

 Kirishima-yama is used for the Faience of Satsuma. That of 

 Seto supplies the porcelain factories of Owari and Mino, which 

 employ, besides, many other clays. The clay which is used for 

 the lighter Banko-yaki is found at Kuwana in Ise ; and a reddish 

 clay with over 5 per cent, of ferric oxide, from which, for example, 

 the vessel in Fig. 19 was made, is also found here in Ise as a 

 valuable material for its own peculiar industry. 



Table Z?, " Analyses of various Porcelain Pastes," offers matter 

 for interesting comparisons. The first two, of Arita-substances, 

 are especially notable for their large amount of silicic acid. They, 

 like No. VI IL, were published by Seger and Aron, in the ''Thon- 

 industriezeitung." The director of the experiment-station at Char- 

 lottenburg, so well known for his notable labours in the subject of 

 ceramics, remarks upon these as follows : " The Japanese paste I. 



